The Flea Essay Example For Students

The Flea Essay Shai Steeck English 2 Essay 1 The Flea John Donne Observe an ordinary bar; each Saturday night sweat doused bodies discharging liquor and pheromones from each pore, trade discussion, merriments, and yes even sex maybe not legitimately in see however positively escaped to. Is this bestial, boorish conduct satisfactory? Should sex be taken so happily? Or then again do we pay attention to it to; guarding sex like it was the Holy Grail, or the key to life itself? These inquiries might be to profound and pointed for most to approach, yet John Donne in his sonnet The Flea swims through them like the kiddy pool. In this shrewd sonnet Donne utilizes an insect, blood, and the homicide of the bug as a relationship for the most established most base trade, sex. Donne, through representative pictures, questions the legitimacy of desiring virginity as well as the significance of sex in accordance with life. The representations in The Flea are abundant, however the images rehashed all through the sonnet are clear, starting with the most pervasive, and the insect. We will compose a custom exposition on The Flea explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now This little parasitic animal is chalk brimming with representative significance. During the time this sonnet was composed the Renaissance the insect was use in numerous sonnets about sex. I determine that in this specific sonnet the insect is emblematic of the demonstration of sex from the speakers comment first and foremost, Mark however this bug, and imprint in this, how little that which deniest me is the bug is little and immaterial, his woman denies him sex, which the speaker accepts is additionally frivolous. The bug is portrayed as a marriage sanctuary and a transporter of life, yet in the following verse as something unimportant and little. The speaker applies a specific duality to the insect and subsequently to sex. The similitude grows more as it identifies with different images. Blood is utilized more than once as an image. The speaker discusses the blood respectfully and compares it to respect. Blood in this sonnet is representative of life and the spirit. The speaker comments that in the insect his blood and his ladys blood were blended, in this way during sex their spirits are blended and get one. This is the place the bug turns into a marriage sanctuary. During this piece of the sonnet the he talks deferentially inside the analogy about sex, taking note of that it tends to be a profound and significant thing. In any case, this is in the long run uncovered to be just a ploy to demonstrate that if the speakers woman can treat sex so contemptuously after he had offered remarks about how holy it was, than sex ought not be managed so genuinely. After the speakers woman executes the insect he inquires as to whether she has purpled her nail in the blood of honesty. Utilizing Donnes representation as a reason for translation the outcome is that he inquires as to whether they finish the demonstration of sex murder the bug in the event that it will have truly reduced her blamelessness. The speaker is remarking that sex doesn't have the ability to remove guiltlessness or life. The homicide of the bug additionally adds to the general allegory. At the point when the speaker and his ladys blood is blended in the bug the speaker alludes to the bug as a marriage, hence the trading of life blood during sex shapes a marriage between the accomplices. The storyteller asks his woman not to execute the bug, which is representative of the finish of sex, or climax. It was mainstream thinking at the time this sonnet was composed, that each time a man had intercourse his life was abbreviated, in this manner it is sensible to state that the speaker is additionally speaking to the homicide of the insect as his own life being taken by his woman during the demonstration of sex. The speaker may feel that in the event that he ought to need to give a bit of his life to engage in sexual relations the lady he offers it to should need to acknowledge it enthusiastically and without requiring the man to charm. .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 , .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 .postImageUrl , .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 , .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200:hover , .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200:visited , .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200:active { border:0!important; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200:active , .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260 f4d4200 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u12538db6fa0323b260420c260f4d4200:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Multiple Source EssayConclusively the speaker expresses that the bug ha not taken barely anything of significance from it is possible that him or his chap and, just so much respect when thou yeildst to me, will squander, as this insects passing took life from thee. Hence the demonstration of sex won't reduce both of their lives and his woman won't be surrendering practically nothing by respecting him explicitly. The speaker is attempting to prevail upon his woman by reducing the significance of sex in the excellent plan of life. Indeed, even today, with each film and TV plug shouting sexual meanings, is sex as significant and life certifyin g as we portray it? In my view this sonnet passes on its message boisterous and clear, yet that doesnt imply that I concur with it. This sonnet has fascinating focuses on which a few angles I concur with. We pay attention to sex to, we desire the demonstration of rearing as though it were gold, when honestly it doesnt influence us as much as we might want to think. Despite the fact that that is an extremely admirable statement it will in general be outrageously uneven and testosterone based. While most would concur that we put to much significance on sex, it is a significant issue that conveys with it outcomes, just as physical and enthusiastic repercussions. Presently, this might be progressively applicable in current occasions however sex during the time this sonnet was composed despite everything held a large portion of indistinguishable meanings from today. For instance malady, pregnancy, profound repercussions, and endless intense subject matters, all which will in general effect a greater amount of the ladylike populace. In this sonnet the speaker doesn't appear to be extremely conscious of the female he is seeking after. Obviously that is helpful for the time yet it additionally says something regarding the legitimacy of the message of the sonnet. In abstract the bug, blood and demise of the bug are completely utilized as illustrations for sex; the trading of life power a significant thing inside the demonstration of sex spoke to as something as inconsequential as an insect and afterward climax, which can feel significant and critical for a while however is extremely just as significant as the passing of a bug. The speaker in this sonnet would like to persuade his woman to lay down with him by trivializing sex and contrasting it with something as immaterial as a bug. In the interim I state woman, screw the speaker and the bug you would get to a greater degree a dedication from a machine than a person as scared of human contact as this one.

The Salem Witch Hysteria Essays - Salem Witch Trials,

The Salem Witch Hysteria The Salem Witch Hysteria Explicit reason: To illuminate my crowd about the Salem witch preliminaries Proposition Statement: The Salem witch preliminaries were a progression of occasions that lead up to the hanging of 19 man and ladies in Salem Mass. I. Presentation A. - The year, 1692. The spot, Salem Mass. Envision yourself a lady at home preparing supper for your family. You peer out the window and discover your significant other wrapping up his days work in the field while your kids skip about as the sun sets behind them. Or then again envision yourself a man. Cleaning the perspiration from your forehead as you swiftly wrap up a long days work with expectation of supper with the family. Presently your during supper , opposite your better half or spouse. You talk about the climate, how the day went , and the Reverend's latest Sunday message. Out of nowhere, there's a thump on your entryway. It's the town justice with a warrant for your capture. You are accused of the wrongdoing of black magic, inspected , then saw as blameworthy . On the off chance that you admit, you spend a lifetime in jail. On the off chance that you keep up your blamelessness, you're hung. This is like a typical situation of what occurred at the Salem witch preliminaries. B-The Salem witch preliminaries were a progression of occasions that in the end lead to the hanging of 19 people. They occurred in Salem Mass. in the year 1692. C-Who were the informers? Who where the individuals being charged? What were the out happens to the preliminaries and why ? How about we start with how everything started. II How did everything start?- A - Rev. Samuel Parriss' little girl Elizabeth, age 9, and niece Abigail Williams, age 11, had a slave that thought about them : TITUBA B - Tituba recounts story from local land C - Girls romantic tales and begin playing with it. Joined by different young ladies around. D-On Jan. 16, 1692, began to have fits , seizures , and daze - like scenes. Not long after that the remainder of the young ladies did as well. E-Rev. Parriss got Dr. William Griggs who could analyze no clinical explanation behind young ladies conduct. Closed young ladies under impact of Satan. F-Pray administrations and network fasting held by Rev. in trusted of transferring the abhorrent powers that tormented them. In endeavors to uncover the witches John Indian heated a witch cake with rye dinner and the beset young ladies pee. G-Pressured to distinguish the witches, young ladies named 3 lady. Tituba, Sarah Goode, and Sarah Osborne. H-Goode and Osborne kept up their honesty while Tituba admitted to seeing the fiend. Furthermore, vouched for a witch trick in Salem. I-Judges John Hawthorne and Jonathan Corwin inspected the 3 ladies. Indeed just Tituba admitted to rehearsing black magic. J-Over the following hardly any weeks, an ever increasing number of individuals approached with allegations III - Who were these new informers? - A - Most of the new informers identifies with the Putman family B - Ann Putnam Jr. - one of the harassed kids Age 12, blamed an aggregate for 62 individuals of being witches. C - Thomas Putnam - Chief filer of grievances in the Town of Salem. Helped Anne Jr. In her allegations by prosecuting her. D - Her mom Anne Putnam SR in court as much as girl with allegations. Incidentally in court, would get tormented. E - Mercy Lewis-Servant to Putnam's 17 years of age. Likewise on of the distressed young ladies F - Mary Walcot-Ann jr. Closest companion. Beset young lady. G - All 5 young ladies, Ann Jr., Mercy, Mary, Abigail, and Elizabeth were engaged with Tituba's narrating, voodoo rehearsing, and fortune telling IV Who were the individuals being charged ? A - The first individuals blamed for black magic were Tituba, Sarah Goode and Sarah Osborne. By and by , Tituba admitted, while Sarah Goode Osborne despite everything kept up there honesty. B - Sarah Goode-a prime case of what caused a ton of the allegations. She was seen as socially unwanted. Sarah 's activities and mentality caused grinding among other network individuals and it was no big surprise she was denounced. C - The close to be sentenced was Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse. Both were upstanding individuals from the network. Continuously

Take a tour of SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Take a tour of SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog You asked and we answered! The Office of Admissions Financial Aid is officially offering tours of the SIPA building, known as the International Affairs Building.  Tours of IAB   are offered following SIPAs Friday information sessions at 1:30 p.m. The tours are only of SIPAs building, and they are guided by current SIPA students. (Contact the Visitor Center  for  a tour of the Columbia University campus.) To take  a tour of the SIPA building, please register in advance. Students are encouraged to attend an information session in conjunction with the tour since tours are offered immediately following the sessions, and it gives applicants the chance to ask the presenter questions about the program. (If  youve already attended a session, dont worry about it. Just make sure you arrive on time for the tour so youre not left behind.) While tours  arent required for applicants, students have found them helpful. Unsure if  its worth it? To help answer that question,  I asked our  program assistants what they thought about leading SIPA tours and IAB. Heres what they had to share: How does attending a tour and/or information session address concerns applicants may have? Eloy Oliveira, MPA 16: You can see if the infrastructure is adequate for your education purpose. See if the library offers enough books, computer Lab, check if the classrooms are well equipped (projectors, recording system, etc). You may ask questions and discuss issues with staff. Whats your favorite feature of IAB? Yiting Xu, MPA 16: My favorite feature of IAB is the 13-15th floor where offers  a magnificent view of the upper town Manhattan and the campus. Whats  unique  about IAB, or something unexpected/something that surprised you about the building? Allison Walker, MIA 16: I was surprised when I arrived at SIPA to find that IAB is connected to the law school building this is helpful for finding extra meeting spaces or changing up where youre studying or grabbing food from. Would you recommend students attend an IAB tour prior to applying to SIPA? Adriana Popa, MIA 16: Like with the info session, if they can, yes. Its an opportunity to see SIPA, visit the IAB, and meet current students and staff. Most importantly, its perhaps the only opportunity to feel what its like to be a current SIPA student. Allison Walker, MIA 16:  Its not crucial to take a tour, and those applying from abroad shouldnt feel like they are missing an important component of the application process. Why do you like leading tours? Adriana Popa, MIA 16: I enjoy sharing my personal experience with prospective students, and try to give as much useful advice as possible as they embark on the application process and on their life/studies at SIPA. In truth, I see myself in them, and welcome the chance to tell them what I wish someone had told me when I applied/first came to SIPA. I also enjoy seeing SIPA through their eyes as if looking at it for the first time. Familiarity breeds contempt, they say, and after spending 3-4 days a week on campus, one tends to forget some of the things that first seemed attractive. The novelty evaporates. Tours are a great guard against routine, and they not only refresh my memory in terms of what was most striking and appealing to me when I first came to SIPA, but also show me new great things, because the students on my tours point them out. *** Register for an information session here, or  a building tour here.

The Prospect Of A Two State Nation Solution For Israel...

The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the most long-term, pressing, and largely confounding social, political, and national quandaries of our age. Since we have been moving with surprising velocity into the vast horizons of globalization, the conflict has built up tremendous momentum and has called into question the adequacy of our current attempts at coming to a peaceful resolution that can simultaneously and successfully address both sides of the struggle. The purpose of this paper has been to understand the prospect of a two-state nation solution for Israel and Palestine. The discussion arises a retrospective view of the context behind the present analysis. We begin with a discourse that informs the reader of the historical narrative between the Jewish inhabitants of Israel and the Palestinians who also seek to live in the lands which comprise Israel. At the forefront of the discussion are some key issues such as trends in Israeli settlement expansion over time, the manner in wh ich these settlements create political challenges towards the prospect of a two-state solution, and the fragmentation of power within Palestinian political parties which inhibit the opportunity for proper negotiations amongst the two parties. Finally, we delve into a discussion on nationalism, it’s importance in the discussion of a two-state solution, and the challenges posed when trying to formulate US Foreign Policy towards the matter. (Part A) R.B.G. The scope of Israeli settlement activityShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between Jewish And Arab State1549 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough Palestine declared independence as an Arab state, it still face obstacles in achieving its sovereignty. Former Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat planned to officially announce the statehood of Palestine in 1996 (Quigley). 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Although Israel has a bigger international prominence than Palestine: shouldRead MoreEssay on Israel-Palestine: Two-State vs One-State Solution2394 Words   |  10 PagesDoes The Future Hold for Israel-Palestine? The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has proven to be one of the most complex and â€Å"intractable† conflicts of modern history – or as some may even add – of all time. And after many decades of failed attempts at peacemaking in this region, there still seems to be no conceivable end to the conflict. 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The peace that Israel seeks is often hampered by those who claim that theRead MoreThe End Of World War I2396 Words   |  10 Pagesthe 1917 Belfour Declaration, which endorsed the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine and the preservation of the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish Palestinian communities. Consequently, the British Mandate in the region of Israel, the former Palestine, which was initiated and endorsed by the League of Nations in 1922, and which incorporated the Belfour Declaration. The control of Israel has changed hands multiple times since then and subsequently, its borders have shifted considerably

Napoleons Return to France Essay - 1037 Words

Napoleon returned to home to France with only about 10% of his Army still alive. He lost most of his soldiers during the Great White Death, which is one of the largest French disasters to date. Since all the coalition allies knew he was in trouble, they decided to follow him and take him out while he was down and burned out. This is when he decided to give himself up and be exiled to Elba with 1000 guards. Before he left though, he promised his men that he, â€Å"†¦ would return when the flowers bloomed.† And that was a promise that Napoleon kept. When he returned to France he came face to face with Marshal Nay but as an enemy and not a friend. Marshal Nay had started working for the new King of France, King Louis XVIII and built one of the†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, for Napoleon there was two days of rain that mad this particular area very muddy. Napoleons forces where divided since Grouchy was keeping a close eye on Blucher. If only they would have k nown that he should have stayed with Napoleon they would have won Waterloo instead it was a drawn out battle that caused a lot of bloodshed on La Belle Alliance Ridge. Waterloo didn’t get started till 11:35 am because the ground was too muddy to get his cannons into place. Once he did get his cannons into place he decided he wanted to take Hougomont. Hougomont became a huge headache to Napoleon because he would constantly try to take it and never did during the entire battle. Picton ordered Major General William Ponsoby, who led the Scots Grays, to attack the French. Every English boy would have wanted to be one of those brave men at the time. They collided with the French lancers and they were annihilated. The Scots Grays tried to ever turn back but not one of them survived. While this was going on, around 1:45 pm, Picton was shot in the head, through his top hat. Picton was not dressed in his usual military uniform because Napoleon had attacked his train and stole his gear so all he had to wear was a black suit and top hat. That particular hat is on display in a museum at waterloo. A wind storm begin and actually started making Wellington a little nervous. He said give me Blucher or give me night.Show MoreRelatedNapoleon Bonapartes Biography Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pageson August 15, 1769, in his island homeland of Corsica. Napoleon was the second son of Carlo and Letizia. Corsica and France were at war. France had easily crushed the Corsican resistance, and taken over Corsica. So when Napoleon was born, he was considered a citizen of France. When Napoleon was nine years old and it was time for his schooling, he was sent to a school in Autun, France. At the school he was teased and tormented for being from Corsica, but he was determined, and he eventually learnedRead MoreEssay about Napoleon I1570 Words   |  7 Pages Napoleon I Napoleons life was a very interesting one. Starting a poor boy, hated by most, rising to rule a huge empire, and then finally being destroyed by his own arrogance and ending his life humbled, remembering what he had doe, and leaving it all in his memoirs for the world to read. Napoleon was born in 1769, on the Island of Corsica. His parents, Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte, were poor nobles. When Napoleon was just 10 years old, his father helped to get him a mathematical scholarship toRead MoreNapoleon and The French Revolution, Questions and Answers1767 Words   |  7 Pagesold regime. One of the major points of his betrayal comes from his appointment to emperor. This unsubtle transition goes against the main reason for revolution in France. If they are willing to go the extent of executing the previous king, the people of France would probably not want an even stronger autocratic ruler. Even Napoleon’s coronation ceremony resembles the old monarchies they fought to overthrow. Another backward step that Napoleon took was his marriage to Maria-Louisa, the princessRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte’s Failed Invasion of Russia in 18121533 Words   |  7 Pagesseize the country. The crushing defeat which followed devastated the army, leaving it incapacitated and vulnerable. This venture into Russia crippled Napoleon’s quest for European domination, and destroyed his fiercely defended reputation as an indestructible leader. While Napoleon was at war various coup d’à ©tat (overthrow) attempts were made back in France, showing that he had chosen an inopportune time to leave the centre of his power. 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Napoleon Bonaparte was born on AugustRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte A Hero Or A Villain?1624 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no question in the fact that Napoleon Bonaparte was a significant character in France. However, there have been debates among historians for years around the central question: â€Å"Was Napoleon Bonaparte a hero or a villain?† The answer here relies on how one looks upon the situation. Was Napoleon Bonaparte a savior to the French, or was he a tyrant to the French? Although many historians’ answers do rely deeply onto perspective, their answers also lie within which stage of life Napoleon BonaparteRead MoreThe Legacy Of Great Leaders1462 Words   |  6 PagesFrom enacting legal reforms to military reforms napoleon’s contributions have led to his time as being called the Napoleonic Era. Modern military, government, society, leaders and institutions utilize much of what Napoleon innovated or perfected. Napoleon’s father was a Corsican Lawyer named Carlo Buonaparte whom would serve as Corsica’s representative in the Royal Court of King Louis the XVI and as personal representative to Pasquale Paoil. Napoleon’s father and familial connections afforded NapoleonRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte, a Man of War1522 Words   |  7 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte rise to power was because of his strong army he formed and his strategy for winning wars however his fall came when he went to Russia intending to defeat them but lost. Napoleon’s policies were to ensure freedom and equality for the people and to give the people the education they needed. Napoleon Bonaparte was born Napoleone di Buonaparte in Corsica, August 15, 1769. He was a small child, and often was teased by his classmates when he was enrolled in military college

Value Alignment Free Essays

Values are important to life. Every day the working class faces two sets of values. He or She has their individual values and the values of the organization he or she works for. We will write a custom essay sample on Value Alignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will analyze the origin and subsequent evolution of both workplace values and personal values. The paper will explain how individual values drive the actions and behaviors of people, and analyze the alignment between personal values and actions and behaviors. Then it will analyze how personal values align with those of another organization, and why it is important that personal and business values align. Origin and Subsequent Evolution of Values One’s values are personal beliefs that guide one’s behaviors and decisions. Values are held deep with one’s subconscious and are integrated into his or her everyday life. Every day people make decisions and these decisions even if they are choices are impacted by his or her own values. One gains his or her personal values based on his or her life experiences. Personal values began to develop during child hood and as one grow older and experiences life he or she may drop some of these values and add others (Lopper, 2007). Workplace values are much like personal values. As the business grows the companies values will change, and some will be dropped, and others will be picked up. In the beginning, depending on the size of the company the values of the company are based on the owner’s personal values. Workplace values set the guidelines for how the company is to make every day business decisions. Workplace values should promote extraordinary customer service by motivated, happy, and productive employees (Heathfield, 2011). My personal values are family, honesty, integrity, success, dedication, and treat others as you want to be treated. Many of these like treat others as you want to be treated are values that I learned as a child and others like family have become more defined as I go through life. My favorite previous employer Holland America Tours values are focus, service excellence, integrity, honesty, team, change, optimism, and perspective. Individual Values Drive Actions and Behaviors Two people can have the same set of values but take different actions and have different behaviors. This happens because of the way that the two people define the values that drive him or her. An example of this would be success. One person can define success as a roof over his or her head, and food on the table. Whereas, another person would define success as a bunch of money in the bank (Khoo, 2008). Reflecting on how I got to where I am today my values have not changed much; however my definition of my values has changed. I do believe that my actions and the decision I have made in life reflect my values. Holland Americas values have helped them in reaching their mission of excellence and through excellence they can create once in a lifetime experiences every time. Alignment between Organizational Values and Personal Values When starting or applying to work with a company it is important to do one’s research and find what the company’s values are and how well they align with his or her personal values. Working for a company that has totally different values than one’s own values can create an unpleasant work environment (Khoo, 2008). Holland America Tours values and my personal values is not a perfect match but yet it was one of my favorite places to work. This is because my personal values did align with the majority of Holland America Tours values. I did not always agree with the decision that the company made I did however follow those decisions in every possible ways. None of them went completely against my own personal values. Values wether they are personal or the workplace are important to everyone’s every day life. Our personal values we use to make daily decisions and our work values we use to make decisions at work. Both personal and workplace values are created in the early stages of life and then change as the person or as the company grows. Values are what drive our actions and our behaviors. They are the reason we act the way we do. Because values mean so much to us in our daily lives one has to find an employer that has values that align with his or her personal values. Doing so will allow one to make decisions at work easier and without feeling as if he or she is making the wrong decision. References Heathfield, S. M. (2011). How to Make Values Live in Your Organization. Retrieved from http://humanresources. about. com/od/orgdevelopment/a/valueslive. htm Khoo, A. (2008, June 5). How your Personal Values Drive Your Decisons In Life. Retrieved from http://www. articlesbase. com/self-improvement-articles/how-your-personal-values-drive-your-decisons-in-life-439134. html Lopper, J. (2007, October 23). Development of Personal Values. Retrieved from http://www. suite101. com/content/development-of-personal-values-a33585 How to cite Value Alignment, Papers Value Alignment Free Essays Starbuck’s Value Alignment BUS 475 Starbuck’s Value Alignment Aligning organizational values with the organization’s actual plans and actions provides a formula for success. Decisions made through the planning process are more effective if the values of the organization are a part of the process. The values of Starbucks are the core of daily operations of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Value Alignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Oftentimes, organizational values are aligned with the personal values of the customers, defining the social responsibility of the organization. Team C analyzes personal and workplace values, explaining how these values correlate to the actions and behaviors of the Starbucks organization. Analyzed Origins and Evolution of Personal and Workplace Values A company’s core values are the foundation for success of their business. The business does require a good product, placement, people, and promotion, but at the heart of the company are the values and principles it believes in. Starbucks formulated its Mission Statement and Guiding Principles in 1990 and are the roots of its culture and serve as the guide for its partners. At the core is the philosophy of being truly committed to holding each other accountable for their actions. This is supported by a communication system that is designed to give everyone a voice. This provides ownership at all levels and a responsibility for all employees to be a part of the success. The six Guiding Principles outline the values that Starbucks works toward achieving. First, provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. The second principle is to embrace diversity. Third, apply the highest standards in purchasing, roasting, and fresh delivery of coffee every day. The fourth principle is to develop enthusiastically satisfied customers. As a fifth principle, Starbucks contributes positively to the communities and the environment. Last, recognize that profitability is essential to success. These values are the governing elements of the workplace at Starbucks. Individual Values One’s individual values will have an influence on his or her actions and behaviors. Some values will determine why someone acts the way he or she does and how he or she would respond. For example, if a person is very determined, he or she may become a workaholic. If a person believes in integrity, he or she will probably be honest. A company tries to find individuals who share the same commonalities. Starbucks has an ethical standpoint of trying to please the customers by providing excellent products and service. Starbucks hires friendly and hardworking employees to represent the business. Values, Actions, and Behaviors Values, actions, and behaviors all have a shared alignment. The values are what drive employees to make sound decisions that will positively affect their actions and behaviors. If an employee did not share the same values, his or her actions and behaviors may represent how the company and employee share opposing values. For example, if an employee did not care about customer satisfaction, he or she would act irresponsible and aloof. This would make management unsatisfied because they do not share the same values. An employee who shared the same values would try to work hard and would treat customers nicely. An employee’s values can easily be interpreted by how he or she acts and responds to people. Stated Values versus Actual Actions Starbucks mission is â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time† (Starbucks, p1). With more than 17,900 stores and thousands of employees, not to mention a high customer loyalty and approval Starbucks is achieving just that every day. Not only is the quality of the product important but also the conditions in which the coffee is grown, it is needs to be environmentally sound as well as good working conditions for the laborers who grow it. In the years 2007 through 2010, they were recognized as one of the â€Å"World’s Most Ethical Companies,† in the years 2009-2010 they were named the â€Å"Most Ethical Company, European Coffee Industry,† and in 2010 one of the â€Å"Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World† (Starbucks). These awards prove that there is a direct alignment with their stated and actual values. What Starbucks values, and has been proven, is its commitment to the employees of which they call partners. By showing the commitment of a good work environment Starbucks is rewarded with a friendly and knowledgeable staff. All employees, both full and part-time alike can obtain health insurance, a benefit that is almost unheard of from a part-time standpoint. The following awards have be given to Starbucks proving the actions of their stated values, one of â€Å"The 100 Best Companies to Work For† FORTUNE – 1998–2000, 2002–2010, one of the â€Å"Most Admired Companies in America† FORTUNE – 2003–2010, One of the â€Å"Best Places to Work for LGBT Equality† The Human Rights Campaign – 2009-2010 (Starbucks). Our Values and Organization Values Starbuck’s Coffee Company admits, every once in a while, every organization makes a bad judgment. However, what separates Starbucks from other organizations is their value-driven willingness openly to evaluate their actions. For example: Starbuck’s President Orin Smith States, ‘The first hour after September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, a Starbuck’s employee in New York sold a bottle water to paramedic. Starbuck’s meant to donate the water the employees made a mistake. When Starbuck’s president learned of the error he immediately called the paramedic and the public relation team to issue a news release apologizing and reimbursing the paramedics. He ensured that Starbuck’s employees were donating water, coffee, and other products to rescue workers and to the injured. As Team C analyzes the degree of alignment between personal values and the organization values as reflected by the organization plan and actions, Starbuck’s values are parallel to personal values. The team agrees with Starbuck’s eagerness to admit their mistake and captivating actions to correct them. This confirms that Starbucks is value-driven and stands behind t heir mission and values statement. Team C found no dissimilarity in personal values and Starbuck’s values because employees and customers agree with Starbuck’s providing a great work atmosphere and treating each other with dignity and respect. Conclusion The guiding principles of Starbucks, as revealed above, outline the values of the organization. Aligning the personal values of potential employees with those of the organization, allows Starbucks to hire quality candidates that enhance the business. Starbucks calls these employees partners and continues to grow as an organization receiving rewards as being one of the best companies to work for. References Starbucks Coffee Company, (2011). Assets. Retrieved from http://assets. starbucks. com/assets Starbucks Coffee Company, (2011). Company Information. Retrieved from http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/company-information How to cite Value Alignment, Papers

Predation on Zebra Mussels by Freshwater Drum and Yellow Perch in Western Lake Erie

The main aim of the ecological research study, â€Å"Predation on Zebra by Freshwater Drum and Yellow Perch in Western Lake Erie† by Morrison, Lynch, and Dabrowski, was to identify the fish species that prey in zebra mussels. The zebra mussels population was increasing rapidly and it was thought to cause some ecosystem effects. Thus, methods for controlling their population increase were the key quest of the study (Morrison, Lynch and Dabrowski 177).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Predation on Zebra Mussels by Freshwater Drum and Yellow Perch in Western Lake Erie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In studying the population of the zebra mussels, diverse objectives were set for achievement. Some of them include determining if the consumption of zebra mussels by freshwater drum and yellow perch was influenced by zebra mussels’ population and determining whether North American fish species selectively consumed zebra mussels. Additionally, examining how morphological adaptation such as mouth and throat formation of freshwater drum and yellow perch influenced their predation was also a considered objective in the study (Morrison, Lynch and Dabrowski 178). Methods used To augment the studies effectiveness, diverse methods were employed in fish collection. For instance, freshwater drum and yellow perch were collected randomly from selected survey sites by use of grid squares. Semi-balloon bottom trawl that was made up of 10.7mm head rope and mesh of approximately 6.4mm at one end of the cod was also used in the collection of fish study. The captured fish were enclosed according to their sizes to ensure their survival. SCUBA method was also used in the random collection of zebra mussels. Unlike other methods, SCUBA method collected zebra mussels together with marble and rocks. However, zebra mussels were separated from the marble and rocks manually (Morrison, Lynch and Dabrowski 179) . Laboratory analysis In order to determine the morphology of the fish species that coexisted in the selected water, diverse laboratory analyses were observed. For instance, the pharyngeal gapes of yellow perch and freshwater drum were measured using the Wainwright method. Wainwright is a process that involves the use of plastic dowels after thawing fish. Dowels of diverse diameters were used in determining the diameters of pharyngeal gapes of fish being studied (Morrison, Lynch and Dabrowski 179). Diverse parts of zebra mussels were also measured in order to determine their growth and development. For instance, the septa and shell length of zebra mussels of between 3 and 35mm were measured easily with dissecting microscope of 40X magnification power. The length, height and width of the zebra mussels under study were made by use of calipers. To calculate the dimensions of zebra mussels’ fish consumed by yellow perch and freshwater drum fishes, regression equations were employ ed.Advertising Looking for article on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gastrointestinal tracts of diverse fish that were caught were also examined in order to determine the fish species that predated on zebra mussels. This was made possible by removing gastrointestinal tracts of the caught fish and preserving them in the concentrated alcohol. The stomach contents of the preserved gastrointestinal tracts were removed, observed and isolated under dissecting microscope of 40X magnification power. To develop the study of zebra mussels, measurements were made by use of ocular micrometer. Additionally, the TL of the prey was also calculated by aid of the provided appendix in order to enhance the calculation of the weight of the each individual species that was consumed by the predators. Wet weight of each fish species was also calculated through the aid of the calculated TL (Morrison, Lynch and Dabrowski 179). Analytical met hods In order to compare the population of zebra mussels in the two selected areas of study, Kolomogorov-Smirnov’s two-sample test was employed. Production of similar frequencies by the method used enhanced the combination of different sites as the predation points. Additionally, the diets of freshwater drum and yellow perch were also used in identifying the size of the zebra mussels that were consumed by the predators in the study area. Comparison and identification of the consumed zebra mussels was effected by use of Chesson’s alpha method, in which pi is the average size of zebra mussel from the provided sizes of zebra mussels, and ri the average size of zebra mussels in the fish diet. Alpha= ri/pi/ Results From the study carried out on freshwater drum, yellow perch and zebra mussels, it is evident that the outcome had significant relationship with the expected values. For instance, the food contents in the gastrointestinal tract of freshwater drum differed with tim e. In the dry month, May, the estimated dry weight of fish species was greater than that of July. Additionally, it was observed that freshwater drum fed on zebra mussels in specific months. Thus, from the study it is evident that the predator consumed some zebra mussels. It was also observed that the rate of zebra mussels’ predation increased with the increase in the size of the predator.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Predation on Zebra Mussels by Freshwater Drum and Yellow Perch in Western Lake Erie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the gastrointestinal tract of freshwater drum of approximately 250mm TL was found to contain large number of zebra mussels. From the study, it was further evident that freshwater drum alternated its diet with time because of variation in availability of food. For instance, the study showed that its gastrointestinal tract showed some traces of zooplanktons in some months when zebra mussels’ population was inadequate (Morrison, Lynch and Dabrowski 180). Similarly, zebra mussels were found to have been consumed by yellow perch. Although they were found in all sizes of yellow perch, it is evident that predator size contributed immensely towards an increase in predation. For instance, yellow perch greater than 200mm TL were found to include lots of zebra mussels in their diet. Additionally, it is evident that yellow perch also consumed zebra mussels as well zooplanktons during specific periods. Thus, from the study it is evident that yellow perch were not fully dependent on zebra mussels as their source of food. Relationship of size and predation From the study it is also evident that there was a strong relationship between the size of pharyngeal gape and the predated zebra mussels. In most occasions, the size of the consumed zebra mussels was smaller than the size of the pharyngeal gapes of their predators. The widths and heights of the zebra mussels were also small compared to the size of the pharyngeal gapes of the respective predators. However, it was also found out that some zebra mussels were larger than the estimated pharyngeal gape. It was also evident that the increase in size of the predators had high relationship with the size of the predators (Morrison, Lynch and Dabrowski 182). The study also showed that the number of zebra mussels differed with age; their number decreased in the gastrointestinal tract of the predators with increase in age, because very few predators fed on very large zebra mussels. Works Cited Morrison, Todd, William Lynch, and Konrad Dabrowski. â€Å"Predation of Zebra Mussels by Freshwater Drum and Yellow Perch in Western Lake Erie†. Journal of Great Lakes Research   23.2 (1997): 177-189. Print.Advertising Looking for article on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article on Predation on Zebra Mussels by Freshwater Drum and Yellow Perch in Western Lake Erie was written and submitted by user Kole C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chop Suey essays

Chop Suey essays The world we live in today is full of surprise and mystery. Anything that exists could or does have a hidden meaning or message. Scientific studies show that some ancient scripts and symbols are not languages. Theyre actually just warning signs or messages. But today we give hidden meaning to our own type of art. Such as music, motion pictures and art itself, or anything you can put meaning to. I think the best example of allegorical meaning is through music. In this heavy metal song Chop Suey by System of a down there are several religious mocks and a little bit of backmasking. Here are the songs lyrics in blue font. i just crossed the feeling with a shakeup (i just crossed the feeling with a) why'd you leave the keys upon the table here you go creating another fable (you wanted to) grab her 'fore she put a little makeup (you wanted to) i just crossed the feeling with a shakeup (you wanted to) why'd you leave the keys upon the table (you wanted to) i don't think you trust in my self-righteous suicide i just crossed the feeling with (i just crossed the feeling with a) why'd you leave the keys upon the table (here you go) we need another fable (you wanted to) grab her 'fore she put a little makeup (you wanted to) i just crossed the feeling with a shakeup (you wanted to) why'd you leave the keys upon the table (you wanted to) i don't think you trust in my self-righteous suicide i cry when angels deserve to die in my self-righteous suicide father, into your hands i commend my spirit father, into your hands, why have you forsaken me? ...

The Definition of Heteronormativity

The Definition of Heteronormativity In its broadest sense, heteronormativity implies that there is a hard and fast line between genders. Men are men, and women are women. Its all black and white, allowing for no gray areas in between.   This leads to the conclusion that heterosexuality is, therefore, the norm, but more importantly, that it is the  only  norm. Its not just one path an individual might take, but the acceptable one.   Heterosexuality vs. Heteronormativity Heteronormativity creates a cultural bias in favor of opposite-sex relationships of a sexual nature, and against same-sex relationships of a sexual nature. Because the former is viewed as normal and the latter are not, lesbian and gay relationships are subject to a heteronormative bias. Heteronormativity in Advertising and Entertainment Examples of heteronormativity might include the under-representation of same-sex couples in advertising and entertainment media, although this is becoming increasingly rare. More and more television shows, including  ABCs long-running  Greys Anatomy,  feature homosexual couples. Many national brands have tapped into their homosexual consumer base in their commercials, including DirecTV in its pitch for its Sunday Ticket, Taco Bell, Coca Cola, Starbucks, and Chevrolet.   Heteronormativity and the Law   Laws that actively discriminate against same-sex relationships, such as laws banning same-sex marriage, are prime examples of heteronormativity, but a change is underway in this sphere as well. The U.S. Supreme Court declared same-sex marriage legal in all 50 states in its landmark Obergefell v. Hodges decision in June 2015. It wasnt a landslide vote  - the decision was a narrow 5-4  - but it established all the same that states may not prevent same-sex couples from marrying. Justice Anthony Kennedy said, They ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution gives them that right. Some states, most notably Texas, resisted, but the ruling and the law were nonetheless established and these states were held accountable for their decisions and heteronormative legislation.  Obergefell v. Hodges  established a precedent and a decided trend toward state approval with same-sex marriage, if not a landslide of change.   Heteronormativity and Religious Bias   Religious bias against same-sex couples is another example of heteronormativity, but a trend prevails here, too. Although the Religious Right has taken a firm stand against homosexuality, the Pew Research Center  found that the issue is not that clear cut. The Center conducted a study in December 2015, just six months after the  Obergefell v. Hodges  decision and found that eight major religions actually sanctioned same-sex marriage, while 10 prohibited it. If but one faith swung to the other side, the numbers would have been evenly balanced. Islam, Baptists, Roman Catholics, and Methodists fell on the heteronormative side of the equation, while the Episcopal, Evangelical Lutheran, and Presbyterian churches said they supported gay marriage. Two faiths  - Hinduism and Buddhism  - dont take a firm stance either way.   The Fight Against Heteronormativity   Like racism, sexism, and heterosexism, heteronormativity is a bias that can be best be eliminated culturally, not legislatively. However, it can be argued that the 2015 Supreme Court decision went a very long way toward taking a stand against it. From a civil liberties perspective, the government should not participate in heteronormativity by enacting heteronormative laws  - but in recent years, it has not. The opposite has occurred, bringing hope for a brighter future.

Discharge for Whistleblower Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discharge for Whistleblower Activity - Essay Example However, Broom and Miller chose not to follow standard procedure and instead of going to the accused employee’s immediate supervisor, they went the medication consultant at the facility. Their reasoning was based on the fact that the accused employee had a close personal friendship with her immediate supervisor, Sarah Dutton. The act that Broom and Miller carried out went against protocol. Because these two employees did not follow the proper chain of command and protocol in choosing to file their complaint, this only gave their employer’s legal position more support.   2. Because Broom and Miller were subject to the employment-at-will doctrine, even if they had been members of a bargaining unit that was connected with union representation, it still would not have provided any advantage to their case.  The reality is that these employees could not be protected under a collective bargaining agreement because Oklahoma common law  gives the right to employees to discharge an at-will employee at any time of their choosing. Broom and Miller attempted to argue their case by citing the three statutory laws that they thought supported their actions. These three laws were the Nursing Home Care Act, the Residential Care Act, and the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act. This first statutory law governed safeguards and procedures for the storage, safekeeping, monitoring, dispensing, and destruction of patient prescription drugs. The employer argued that this only covered nursing homes within the state and that the employer’s company is legall y a residential care facility and cannot be included in the law. The second statutory law does apply to the employer’s facility because the employer admitted so. However, the employer argued that the language in this law were general and did not cover the Oklahoma employment-at-will doctrine. Finally, the third law makes it a criminal offense to steal controlled and dangerous substances, but Broom and Miller did not make a specific argument to justify their claims. Reaffirming what was said in the previous question, Broom and Miller failed to follow the proper procedures when filing their complaint.

Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men Research Paper

Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men - Research Paper Example Reflection on the film 12 Angry Men The problem of prejudice and the difficulty faced by the jurors in decision making process is still an unresolved problem in the global context. In the beginning, most of the jurors were against the culprit. In the end, all the jurors came to know that their decision is based upon their personal opinions on the immigrant population. My personal opinion/reflection on the film 12 Angry Men is divided into three sections: prejudice, racial supremacy, and misuse of law. Prejudice I am of the opinion that the director made use of the protagonist (the immigrant boy, probably from Puerto Rican Island) to unmask the depth of prejudice against immigrants in America. I believe that prejudice based upon racial and cultural identity is an important problem faced by a member who belongs to an immigrant community. If we are not from an immigrant community, there exists less possibility to have deeper understanding on this problem. Within this context, the director makes use of the protagonist as a medium to express his opinion on the problem faced by immigrants. In the beginning of the film, the jury, which consists of 12 members, does not show any particular interest in the emotional trauma faced by the boy. Biskind (2001) made clear that, â€Å"In the view of the strong case against the defendant, it is not too surprising that the jury’s first straw vote comes out 11 to 1 for conviction† (p.11). ... So, in my opinion, the film portrays how prejudice affects the smooth functioning of law and order in a modern society. Racial superiority I think racial superiority is a myth based upon false opinion, not upon fact. The elite class in the society considers that their status in the society is indebted to their racial identity. But one cannot prove that racial identity determines one’s superiority over others. So, I am totally against racial superiority. One of the factors which attracted me towards this film is the director’s attempt to expose that racial superiority is a myth. In the film, the boy is the victim of racial superiority/racial supremacy. For instance, most of the members of the jury are white middle class men. Still, all the members are from different layers of the society. Most of them do not try to allow the boy to prove his innocence. On the other side, juror 8, an architect by profession, is not ready to act against the boy. Later, some of the jurors l ike Juror 5 and Juror 11 decide to change their opinion. Still, Juror 3’s wavering nature hinders the jury members to have a unanimous decision. In the film, most of the jury members are not aware of their role in decision making process because they act according to the false beliefs in the society. One can see that most of the jury members are middle aged and their personal opinions on the immigrants deeply influence their decisions. So, the film helped me to know more about the problem of prejudice based upon racial superiority. Misuse of law I consider this film as an eye-opener to those who believe that death penalty can reduce crime in the society. On the other side, law is misused to victimize innocent individuals who are not

APC Hypermethylation as a Prostate Cancer Indicator

APC Hypermethylation as a Prostate Cancer Indicator Evaluation of APC Hypermethylation From Serum Samples as an Indicator for Presence of Prostate Cancer and Higher Gleason Score Abstract Purpose In this prospective study it is aimed to identify role of hypermethlation analysis of APC gene from serum samples on detection of prostate cancer in patients with PSA level 2,5-10 ng/ml and its correlation with GS of the patients Materials and Methods Data from 142 patients underwent prostate biopsy with PSA level of 2,5-10 ng/ml was analyzed. Hypermethlation analysis of promoter region of APC gene from serum samples was done via methlation specific PCR. Patients were grouped as positive or negative depending on results of methylation analysis and compared for presence of prostate cancer and GS distrubution. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of methylation analysis were calculated. P value of 0.05 is used for statistical significance. Results There were 48 patients (33.8%) in methylation (+) group and 94 patients (66,2%) in methylation (-) group. Prostate cancer was detected in 43 of 142 (30,2%) patients after the first biopsy and 32 of these patients were in methylation (+) group. sensitivity and specificity of methylation analysis were 74,4% and 83,8%. PPV and NPV were 66.6% and 88.30 %. When GS distrubutions of the two groups analyzed patients in methylation (+) group were more likely to have higher GS compared to methylation (-) group(p=0,03). Conclusions Hypermethlation analysis APC gene from serum samples have shown promising results with its correlation with prostate cancer and higher GS. Further studies on prediciton of survival with long term follow up are needed to verify its value on prediction of survival Introduction Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most important medical problems of the male population as it is the most common solid neoplasm in Europe having the highest incidence of 202,100 cases in 2004 (1). It is not only common but also a dangerous disease that it is the second most common cause of cancer death in men (2). These findings prove the importance of detection of PCa. However identifiying patients with clinically significant disease is an important issue, that is to treat patients that really need treatment while sparing ones that have silent disease. The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial concluded that 1,410 men would need to be screened and 48 additional cases of PCa would need to be treated to prevent one death from PCa (ERSPC-3). These findings point out that current diagnostic tools are inadequate for screening and detection of clinically significant PCa (3). Epigenetic studies evolved in the era of urooncology in the last decade and DNA methylation is widely studied for certain urological malignancies especialy for PCa (4). Hypermethylation of promoter regions of tumor supresor genes results in gene silencing. This epigenetic change in APC gene promoter regions has been shown in cancerous and precancerous prostate tissues,serum, and urine of PCa patients and sensitivity and specificity rates of 27-100% and 50-100% have been reported (5,6). However the current literature lacks studies that investigate corrolation of results of methylation analysis from serum samples and clinicopathologic properties (grade and stage of disease) of patients. This point should be verified to identify applicability of this method in clinical practice. In this prospective study it is aimed to identify role of hypermethlation analysis of promoter region of APC gene from serum samples on detection of prostate cancer in a population of patients with PSA level 2,5-10 ng/ml and its correlation with Gleason score (GS) of the patients. Patients and Methods. This study was approved by ethical committe of Turkish Ministry of Health. All patients signed informed consent. The patients admitted to urology outpatient clinics of Ankara University Schol of Medicine with PSA level of 2,5-10 ng/ml and who were decided to undergo prostate biopsy were involved in the study. Serum samples were obtained from all patients prior to biopsy and 12 cores transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was performed by a single radiologist. Age, serum PSA level, prostate biopsy results were recorded and patients were followed regardless of the results of methylation analysis. Rebiopsy was suggested to patients with benign histology and persistant elevated PSA levels 6 months after the first biopsy. Patients with biopsy results of PCa were evaluted for staging and treated based on their stage. GS of the patients were evaluated in 3 groups GS:6 , GS: 7 and GS:8-10. The patients were grouped as positive (methylation +) and negative (methylation -) based on methylation analysis results and compared with results of prostate biopsy. The primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of methylation analysis. As a secondary outcome measure the results were also compared with the GS groups. Genetic analysis DNA extraction Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using a PureLink â„ ¢ Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen â„ ¢, catalog No. K1820-02) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and were stored at -20 °C until modification and MSPCR amplification. DNA integrity and quantity was assessed with agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry, respectively. For this purpose, 1% agarose gel was used and 260 nm and 280 nm optical density ratio values (OD260/OD280) were determined. Bisulfite Modification and Methylation-Specific PCR of APC and GSTPI promoters The genomic DNA was modified by sodium bisulfite treatment using the CpGenomeTM DNA Modification Kit (S7820, Chemicon, Temecula, CA). The DNA promoter methylation status of APC and GSTPI genes were investigated by MSPCR using the specific primers to methylated and unmethylated promoters. The methylated and unmethylated control DNA were also subjected to bisulfite DNA modification and PCR analysis, and serves as positive controls for methylated and unmethylated DNA respectively. H2O was used as negative control for the PCR reaction. The PCR reaction was started with denaturation at 95 °C for 13 min, followed by 40 cycles at 95 °C for 30 s, 56 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 30 s; and 72 °C for 5 min. Statistical analysis Continuous variables were compared using the t –test. Categorical variables were compared by the chi-square test..Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were calculated. Results Prostate biopsy was performed in 142 patients. The mean age of the patients were 68,3  ± 8,2 and mean ages of the methylated and unmethylated groups were not significantly different (67,8 vs 68,6 , p=0,47). There were 48 patients (33.8%) in group 1 and 94 patients (66,2%) in group 2. Prostate cancer was detected in 43 of 142 (30,2%) patients after the first biopsy and 32 of these patients were in methylation (+) group and 11 of them were in methylation (-) group. Based on these results, sensitivity and specificity of methylation analysis were 74,4% (95% CI: 58.83 % 86.46 %) and 83,8% (95% CI: 75.08 % to 90.47 %). PPV and NPV were 66.6% (95% CI: 51.59 % to 79.59 %) and 88.30 % (95% CI: 80.02 % to 94.00 %). When GS distrubutions of the two groups analyzed patients in methylation (+) group were more likely to have higher GS compared to methylation (-) group (p=0,041) and results are summarized in table 1. Second biopsy was performed in 12 (6 patients in each group) patients totally. At these second biopsies, PCa was observed in 4 patients, and all of them were in methylation (+) group. Based on the total results of first and second biopsies, sensitivity and specificity , PPV and NPV were reevaluated. Sensitivity and specificity of methylation analysis were 76.6 % (95% CI: 61.97 % to 87.68 %) and 87.3 % (95% CI: 78.97 % to 93.29 %). PPV and NPV were 75.0 % (95% CI: 60.4 % to 86.3 %) and 88.30 % (95% CI: 80.02 % to 94.00 %). Discussion Epigenetic alterations, such as hypermethylation of prompter regions of tumor supressor genes are associated with many human tumor types and this type of alteration have also emerged as markers for cancer risk assessment, cancer diagnosis, and therapy monitoring in several different types of cancer (7-10). APC is a well-characterized tumor suppressor gene and it downregulates Wnt signaling by targeting the transcriptional coactivator beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation and this prevents its association with the nuclear transcription factor Tcell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (11). The activation of Wnt pathway leads to deregulation of cell proliferation and differentiation and is a common feature of many human cancers including prostate cancer (12-14). Detection of clinically significant PCa at an early stage is still a great challenge and current imaging modalities are often not able to detect a tumor and biopsies may miss the tumor focus. Role of gene promoter hypermethylation in prostate carcinogenesis, has been studied recently and promising results to improve PCa diagnosis has been established (5-7). In this study methylation analysis of promoter region of APC gene is performed prior to prostate biopsy in serum samples in order to evaluate the the role of this analysis on prostate cancer detection. Serum samples were obtained from all patients prior to biopsy and PCa was detected in siginificantly higher rates in patients with positive methylation analysis. In their study Yoon et al. showed that APC methylation levels were significantly higher in PCa patients than in benign prostate hyperplasia patients. Moreover, APC hypermethylation was not only associated with the increased incidence of PCa but was also positively correlated with increased GS (15). This has also been shown in other studies indicating APC hypermethylation as a reliable predictor of PCa and of its aggressive feature (12,13). Similarly, in our study, methylation positive patients were found to have higher GS and GS>7 was not observed in any patient with negative methylation analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of APC hypermethylation has been studied on prostate tissue samples and high sensitivity (89.3%) and specificity (98.1%) rates have been reported (15). In our study, sensitivity of 74,4% and specificity of 83,8% was found. These results are slightly lower compared to results of Yoon et al. and this may be due to source of DNA, that is higher rates might be reached when analysis is made through prostate tissue samples compared to serum samples. Additionally the results may be effected from the detection method, including the primer design, reagents, detectors, equipment, and protocols, all of which potentially influence the sensitivity and specificity. The important point of our study is making the analysis from serum samples to evaluate its role in clinical practice. The lack of such studies has been emphasized in previous trials conducted on tissue samples (15). Repat biopsies is an important issue in PCa diagnosis in the study of Trock et al. (16) APC methylation provided a very high NPV with a low percentage of false negatives, in a clinical cohort of men undergoing repeat biopsy.In our study, repeat biopsy was performed in 12 patients (6 patients in each group) and all of the 4 patients with PCa detected in second biopsy were in the methylation positive group. Our study involves low number of repeat biopsies therefore further studies with higher number of patients evaluating role of hypermethylation analysis from body fluids should be conducted on the topic of repeat biopsies. Conclusion Prediction of clinical significance of PCa is of clinicial importance and hypermethlation analysis of promoter region of APC gene from serum samples have shown promising results with its correlation with prostate cancer and higher GS. Further studies on prediciton of survival with long term follow up are needed to verify its value on prediction of survival. Conflict of interest: None of the authors have any conflict of interest Ethical standarts: The study was approwed by ethical committe of Turkish Ministry of Health. References 1. Boyle P, Ferlay J. Cancer incidence and mortality in Europe 2004. Ann Oncol 2005 Mar;16(3):481-8. 2. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008 Mar-Apr;58(2):71-96. 3. Schrà ¶der FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al.Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1320-8. 4. Veeck J, Esteller M J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. Breast cancer epigenetics: from DNA methylation to microRNAs. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2010 Mar;15(1):5-17. 5. Kang GH, Lee S, Lee HJ, et al. Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of multiple genes in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Pathol 2004; 202: 233–40 6. Yegnasubramanian S, Kowalski J, Gonzalgo ML et al. Hypermethylation of CpG islands in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 1975–86 7. Moritz R, Ellinger J, Nuhn P, Haese A, Muller SC, Graefen M, Schlomm T, Bastian PJ. DNA hypermethylation as a predictor of PSA recurrence in patients with low- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer. Anticancer Res 2013 Dec;33(12):5249-54. 8. Kim WJ, Kim YJ. Epigenetic biomarkers in urothelial bladder cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009;9:259-69. 9. Hoque MO. DNA methylation changes in prostate cancer: current developments and future clinical implementation. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009;9:243-57. 10. Ushijima T. Detection and interpretation of altered methylation patterns in cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2005;5:223-31. 11. Rai K, Sarkar S, Broadbent TJ, et al. DNA demethylase activity maintains intestinal cells in an undifferentiated state following loss of APC. Cell 2010;142: 930-42. 12. Jeronimo C, Henrique R, Hoque MO, et al. A quantitative promoter methylation profile of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:8472-8. 13. Bastian PJ, Ellinger J, Wellmann A, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic information in prostate cancer with the help of a small set of hypermethylated gene loci. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:4097-106. 14. Gavert N, Ben-Zeev A. beta-Catenin signaling in biological control and cancer. J Cell Biochem 2007;102:820-8. 15. Hyung-Yoon Yoon, Young-Won Kim, Ho Won Kang, et al. Pyrosequencing Analysis of APC Methylation Level in Human Prostate Tissues: A Molecular Marker for Prostate Cancer. Korean J Urol. 2013 Mar;54(3):194-198. 16. Trock BJ, Brotzman MJ, Mangold LA, et al. Evaluation of GSTP1 and APC methylation as indicators for repeat biopsy in a high-risk cohort of men with negative initial prostate biopsies. BJU Int. 2012 Jul;110(1):56-62 Table 1. GS distrubutions of the two groups

Of Mice and Men Emotions

In the following essay I will be writing about and exploring what emotions Steinbeck conveys in his novella ‘of mice and men’. The novella was the second of Steinbeck’s ‘dustbowl’ trilogy. These books were based on Steinbeck’s own first hand experience against the back drop of depression-era America where he became concerned with the exploitation of migrant workers and exposing the institutionalized prejudices ( racism, ageism and sexism) of the migrant workers themselves, hence the trilogy.The novella shows an effective state of consciousness in which joy, fear, sorrow and hate is experienced as distinguished from cognitive and volitional state of consciousness. The main theme/ emotion that are conveyed are loneliness. Steinbeck uses many different linguistic language techniques to depict this. These include: adverbs, speech verbs, imperative verbs, adjectives, abstract nouns, rhetorical questions and many more. However the opening of the nove lla displays a bond of friendship and mutual understanding shown by George and lennie.Steinbeck writes â€Å"he pulled his hat down a little more over his eyes the way George’s hat was. † Our immediate interpretation is that Lennie looks up to George as a role model, the quote â€Å"way George’s hat was† infers that Lennie looks up to George as someone who can guide him and teach him much like a younger brother’s attitude would be towards an older sibling. Steinbeck writes â€Å"Lennie looked timidly over to him. â€Å"George? † â€Å"Yeah, what ya want? † â€Å"Where we goin’ George? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"So you forgot that already did you? † this implies that without George, Lennie would be hopeless and would get no where because he would always be lost. When Lennie says â€Å"where we goin’† he sounds slightly worried, this will be because he knows that George will get angry at him because he is constan tly having to remind him on the objective. The word â€Å"already† suggests that Lennie is always forgetting things and George is getting more and more fed up. The adverb â€Å"timidly† implies that George often gets angry with Lennie and now Lennie has learnt to approach him differently when he is angry so he won’t get as upset.This implies their friendship is strong as they know how to approach each other showing an almost brotherly relationship. This also depicts Georges frustration and anger towards lennie however, unlike other migrant workers at the time, it does not come from the face the he is lonely and isolated but because of the fact the he someone there for him that he can talk to. George says â€Å"where the hell would you go? † the fact that this question is rhetorical shows that George knows that it’s an empty threat.However the taboo language â€Å"hell† gives the impression that George is slightly apprehensive and not entirel y convinced. This shows the worry and compassion that he has for lennie, and also showing that not only can lennie not cope without George but George cannot cope without lennie. Steinbeck’s purpose was to show George and Lennie’s bond of friendship and how unlike other migrant workers, their negative emotions does not stem from the fact that they are lonely and isolated but the fact there is a companionship and the sense of a bond between them, showing how strong their bond of friendship really is.

Best Learning Resources For Self-Studying French

If you dont want to or cannot study French with a tutor,  in a class or in immersion, youll be going it alone. This is known as self-study. There are ways to make self-study effective, but its essential that you pick the right self-study  method for you. After all, you want to spend your time doing something that actually works. So spend some time analyzing whats out there, and dont just take the first self-study path that comes to your attention. Audio Training Is Essential If you want to communicate in French (and not only pass exams or read in French), learning with audio is a must. Theres a huge difference between book French and spoken French, and traditional methods will not prepare you for the way French people actually speak today. French Language  Books French-language books such as childrens books, bilingual books, and audiobooks are a great and relatively inexpensive way to improve your French, in conjunction with audio courses. With Amazon delivering to your doorstep, its easy to order French-language books these days. Hard-copy paper books are still the best way to train on a specific point of grammar  and to do exercises. For all the rest, youll need audio. Childrens Books Reading Le Petit Prince is, for more advanced students, a wonderful way to expand your vocabulary. It is a myth that all French-language childrens books are easy. They are not. Children books are easier than most French books written for the French because they use short sentences, but the language is some French childrens books can be quite difficult. Consider the language used in the Dr. Seuss books. They definitely would not be an easy read for a beginner in English. Bilingual Books Most bilingual-book  series  are taken from free-copyright books and translated into English. They were not typically books written for students. So they are still very difficult and will often feature older French vocabulary and expressions: Find out  when your book  was written, and take this into account when learning the vocabulary. French Audiobooks and Audio Magazines Both of these are a fantastic resource, even though most have been created for the French student. Much of what has been developed for the French is going to be difficult for a beginning or intermediate student of French, so difficult that they could be overwhelming and discouraging. There are, however,  audio magazines that can be used to good effect by beginning and intermediate students of  French. Among the better audio magazines are  Think French,  Bien Dire,  and  Fluent French Audio (although the latter is probably better suited to high-intermediate students). There are also level-adapted French audiobooks and audio novels  with English translations,  such as the À Moi Paris series and Une Semaine à   Paris. French Audio Courses French audio courses are the ideal tool for the self-learner. A good audio course should teach you vocabulary and grammar, if possible in context, and, of course, pronunciation. It should be fun to use, direct you through a well-proven learning path  and nurture your self-confidence. Because they involve a lot of work, these courses are usually quite expensive, so look for a 100 percent money-back guarantee disclaimer, a trial period or extensive samples. Among the good French audio courses:  Michel Thomas,  Assimil,  and French Today. Rosetta Stone language books are a great, fun tool to develop your vocabulary, but they are very light on grammar. This may be fine for other languages, but it is a true problem for French. Do Your Research and Find Whats Best for You There are, of course, still more  methods to learn French. Do your research and find out what methods best fit your needs, goals, time and budget. You wont be sorry.

The Effects Of Climate Change On Our Lives - 1037 Words

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