The Beginning Of American Literature Essay - 1322 Words

The beginning of American literature started in the 17th century when pirated, adventurers, and explorers started to write about the new continent. These people became permanent colonists. The writing during this time varied in terms of quality and subjects. This early literature was made up of creation myths, travel journals, history writing, poetry, religious writing, and personal narratives. Creation myths are some one of the six genres we see in the beginning of American literature. They are a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it. Many of the Native American creation myths show a strong resemblance to Genesis. Percy Bullchild, a Blackfeet Indian from Browning, Montana, describes the beginning of his people as stated: â€Å"This story is about a lone spirit that lived in this spiritual place before there was a world of any kind of life †¦ He has been alive from ever and will continue to live forever †¦ Life is given to all o f us humans and to all the creations of the earth †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bullchild). This tribe describes the Creator God as the Creator Sun. The first beings were snakes that rebelled against their creator and were punished. Then describes the Creator Sun making people in his image. This is an example of part of a creation story. The majority of stories indicate that a creation where people are given, along at the time of creation, awareness that they were created. Similar to Genesis, the stories follow how we will be judged atShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Ethnic Literature Mean?994 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes ethnic literature mean? We all have some ethnicity in us that is different than the rest, so doesn’t that mean that all of our literary contributions make up that of American ethnic literature? Before the Civil War, many of the minority people of America started writing poems, songs, and other types of literature that helped describe what life was like in America as an outsider in the â€Å"white† world. These writings became the beginnings of what is now called American ethnic literature. Early authorsRead MoreSocial Issues In American Literature972 Words   |  4 Pages American Literature from its beginnings is shaped by a demand towards reforming society by bringing awareness towards towards social issues and a need to question societal norms.American literature from its beginnings has focused around establishing the American identity , and has also served as a means to address social issues that have plagues American society. The three authors that are representative of these ideals are the following; Hector De St John Crevecoeur Benjamin Franklin, andRead MoreColonial American Literature844 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica, Native Americans began to focus on the fur trade, and by the end of the time period the â€Å"population of the thirteen colonies was over two million people.† (Colonial Time Period NP) All of those events helped shape the American Literature that is still read in High Schools to this day. American Literature from the colonial period was influenced by many historical events. It shares common characteristics and its authors greatly influenced the times. The Colonial period was the beginning of greatRead MoreNaturalism : The Great. Who Has Read American Literature1368 Words   |  6 PagesNaturalism the Great Anyone who has read American literature will know of the significance of naturalism as a literary genre in American literature. Merriam Webster’s definition of Naturalism is as follows: A theory that art or literature should conform exactly to nature or depict every appearance of the subject that comes to the artist’s attention, specifically a theory in literature emphasizing the role of heredity and environment upon human life and character development. Naturalism went fromRead MoreThe European Exploration Of America1639 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean exploration of America is notable because it is the start of the mentality among Americans the fuels the need to travel from home in order to find oneself. Since the beginning, the settlers in America have been people who left home to find a new life where they could live successful lives. While this is a theme in all types of literature, it is one that is especially prevalent in American literature because the settlers were an entire people who left their home in search of something betterRead MoreNaturalism As A Literary Genre1367 Words   |  6 PagesAnyone who has read American literature will know of the significance of naturalism as a literary genre in American literature. Merriam Webster’s definition of Naturalism is as follows: A theory that art or literature should conform exactly to nature or depict every appearance of the subject that comes to the artist’s attention, specifically a theory in literature emphasizing the role of heredity and environment upon human life and character development. Naturalism went from being a movement in theRead MoreThe Native Americans, Puritans, And The Rationalists721 Words   |  3 Pages America’s history is rich with literature. The beginning of American literature dates back to the Colonial times, but that began way before the colonists even stepped foot in America. There are three major groups of people from the colonial peri od that impacted literature. That is the Native Americans, Puritans, and the Rationalists. Before America was corrupted by European colonists, it was home to the Native Americans. Native Americans depended on the word of mouth, there wasn’t aRead MoreThe Influence Of The Harlem Renaissance On African American Literature1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affect of the Harlem Renaissance on African American Literature The second half of the eighteenth century introduced a new expression to the literary world. The new expression was a voice that belonged to the African American writers. The African American writers wrote with a flair and brought a new perspective to the realm of literature. Literature, as America had known it, consisted of works from Christopher Columbus, John Smith, William Bradford, and Mary Rowlandson; these writers capturedRead MoreWashington Irving s The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pagesbe recognized as â€Å"the father of American Literature† (â€Å"Washington Irving†). Irving was the first American writer to establish the new American identity through his writings, as a result, he is esteemed as one of the â€Å"inventors† of the short story (â€Å"Washington Irving†). One of Irving’s more famous short stories, â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow†, was published in 1820 (â€Å"Washington Irving†). â€Å" The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† is not merely a significant work of early American fiction, it established the frameworkRead MoreDisillusion, Defiance, and Discontent (1914-1946)780 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 5: Disillusion, Defiance, and Discontent (1914-1946) â€Å"We asked the cyclone to go around our barn but it didn’t hear us.† -Carl Sandburg from The People, Yes Carl Sandburg was an American writer, best known for his poetry during modernism. The quote means people like to think they are in control and then something like this happens, and they realize that they re not. The themes of the work is implied not stated Timeline The most significant ten year period is from 1920 to 1930 because

The Great Gatsby “Fitzgerald Tying Is Life to the Book” Free Essays

Fitzgerald writes The Great Gatsby as a mirror of his own life describing his life through such characters as Nick Carraway, the narrator and the Jay Gatsby the, protagonist which are representations of Fitzgerald’s life. Fitzgerald uses his own events to play key parts in this novel. Throughout The Great Gatsby characters and events are a written reflection of Fitzgerald life making The Great Gatsby an autobiography. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby â€Å"Fitzgerald Tying Is Life to the Book† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul Minnesota (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Francis’ parents enrolled him at the Newman School in 1911 when he was 15 years old, Newman School was a prestigious Catholic prep school located in New Jersey (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). After graduating from Newman in 1913 Fitzgerald went to Princeton University. At Princeton he devoted himself to working hard on becoming a writer. With all of his focus on writing, he began to struggle in other classes. Around 1917 Fitzgerald was on academic probation and it was very unlikely for him that he would graduate so he thought it was best for him to join the Army. Fitzgerald became a second lieutenant in the infantry (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Fitzgerald was so convinced that he would die in the war and scared that he had not accomplished his literary dreams in time, that he quickly wrote a novel called The Romantic Egotist. The novel was very well liked by the publishing company known as Charles Scribner’s Sons, but they asked him to revise it before sending it back to them(A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Around June 1918 Fitzgerald was stationed at Camp Sheridan, near Montgomery Alabama (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). While he was stationed in Camp Sheridan, he met a girl named Zelda Sayre (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Zelda was 18 years old and Fitzgerald eventually fell in love with her. And he would continue to pursue after her. Fitzgerald was never actually deployed into the war, because World War I ended in 1919. After being discharged from the army, Fitzgerald decided to move to New York City where he hoped to start a career in advertising hoping that Zelda would marry him for having a job (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Although Fitzgerald wanted Zelda, he quit his job and decided to return to St. Paul to rewrite his novel. Fitzgerald really hit a breakthrough when his novel, This Side of Paradise was published in 1920 (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). After finally having success from his novel, Zelda finally agreed to marry Fitzgerald only after a week of the book being published. Zelda and Fitzgerald married in New York. The couple had one child, a daughter named Francis Scott Fitzgerald, who was born in 1921 (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Fitzgerald quickly became famous and wealthy from his writings as he began to write more novels and short stories as the year passed. Fitzgerald became a so called, â€Å"playboy† (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby and it was published in 1924. The novel was closely based off most of Fitzgerald’s own life. Using his own experiences Fitzgerald was able to write his greatest novel ever. Fitzgerald shows himself throughout the book through mostly two characters; Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby. Both characters had some aspect to Fitzgerald’s life. For instance Jay Gatsby and Fitzgerald both had a lover whom they wanted to marry so badly. Nick is the vision of what Gatsby saw of the â€Å"roaring twenties†. Jay Gatsby represented Fitzgerald’s personality as a lavish partier when Fitzgerald first became wealthy. Gatsby threw great parties that everyone wanted to go to. Fitzgerald became rich just like everyone wants to be. It was not just the partying that is seen as Fitzgerald, but Fitzgerald seems to describe his own young life through Gatsby as if he was writing an autobiography. Fitzgerald went to Princeton only for a while just as Gatsby went to St. Olaf’s College only to leave the school just as Fitzgerald left Princeton. Gatsby was blinded by Daisy’s beauty just as Fitzgerald was to Zelda. Both were determined to have their women. It seemed though Fitzgerald could not accept rejection or a loss, an example in Fitzgerald’s life was that Zelda broke their engagement, because Fitzgerald was not making enough money (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Fitzgerald drove himself to win Zelda. Fitzgerald put his emotions into Gatsby by trying to say he would do whatever it would take to have Zelda. Gatsby got all his money from illegal activities, because he was willing to do whatever it took to have Daisy. Like Gatsby, Fitzgerald was blinded by the beauty of one women that having Zelda, as Gatsby having Daisy, was all he wanted. Gatsby represented the partying celebrity. Nick Carraway represents the other side of Fitzgeral,d as he represents the quietness the better minded version of Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald and Nick Carraway were able to see that all this materialism and partying in the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† were morally decaying, yet they were both fascinated by the lifestyle. Nick represented Fitzgerald’s true feelings of the era where life was fun and flashy, but morally wrong to him. Nick Carraway at the end of the novel decided to move back to the Midwest to escape the craziness and hyped life happening on the east coast even though he was curious about it. (Fitzgerald 176). Fitzgerald puts his true feelings into Nick. Even though the fast rich life seemed fun and exciting it was morally decaying and he misses living normally. Fitzgerald showed many signs of an autobiography, in The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald showed himself as idealized version of himself in Gatsby, doing whatever he could to have Daisy and never once thinking his plans would not work. Nick Carraway was Fitzgerald’s old self stuck in a place full of drama and morally decaying events that everyone in the party life thought as ok, because they thought they were better than everyone else. Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, shows readers that his life was put into two characters; Jay Gatsby and Nick Carraway, to show the views of that era. . Works Cited â€Å"A Brief Life of Fitzgerald†. University of South Carolina. Web. 24 April 2012. â€Å"F. Scott Fitzgerald biography†. A+E Televison Network. Web. 24 April 2012 Fitzgerald, Francis S. The Great Gatsby. New York, NY: Scribner, 2004. Print. How to cite The Great Gatsby â€Å"Fitzgerald Tying Is Life to the Book†, Essay examples

Psychological Testing in the Workplace free essay sample

Psychological tests are popular among private and public companies, government agencies and in the military as well. Psychological testing is used for several purposes, they can be used in the pre-employment process, and they can be used as an aid in regarding employment retention as well as in job placement. While the uses of psychological testing are wide spread, there are issues revolving around the validity and reliability of these tests, when a person’s employment is at risk this can be considered a heavy issue to be considered. Along with the reliability and the validity, there are ethical issues to be considered that the employers must keep in mind. Types of Personality Tests There are a variety of different types of personality tests. Three in particular are popular among private companies as well as government agencies; these are the Myers-Briggs type indicator, the IPIP-NEO personality test, and the Kolbe Index (Basu, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Testing in the Workplace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Myers-Briggs type indicator is a personality test that organizes an employee’s personality data along four scales of opposing characteristics. These scales include whether the employees energy source comes from within or is a reflection of his/her environment, whether the employee focuses more on intuition or sensory input, whether the employee uses reason and logic or personal values, and whether the employee is an organized individual or is spontaneous in their daily activities. This personality test may be utilized for employee retention especially in allocating tasks to a group of employees finding which employee is best suited to each task required (Basu, 2012). The IPIP-Neo personality test (international personality item pool test) measures an employee’s personality using five broad categories and thirty sub-categories. This personality test is used to see how well employees will be able to work in a multicultural setting, especially in multi-national companies that pull employees from different cultures from around the world. The five broad categories and examples of their sub categories include xtroversion and its subcategories of friendliness and social engagement, agreeableness with its sub-categories of trust and cooperation, conscientiousness with its sub categories of self-confidence and cautiousness, neuroticism and its sub-categories of sensitivities of others opinions and openness to new experiences which includes adventurousness and how readily that individual may challenge authority. This is a personality test that seems best suited as a pre-employment test, especially when an individual is applying for a position in a multinational corporation or there is a diverse cultural background in a given location (Basu, 2012). The Kolbe Index, named for Kathy Kolbe an organizational theorist, is based on the premise that an individual’s ability for problem solving are stable and independent of the individuals intelligence, personality and education. According to this index, there are four problem solving modes: fact finder, which relates to the gathering of information; follow-through, which refers to the organizing and scheduling of tasks; quick-start, which contains the risk taking and innovation; and the implementation of the solution. A series of multiple choice questions are given, based on problem solving scenarios. The results will indicate which of the four modes the employee is best suited and can help in job placement as a leader, a researcher or other such tasks that suits that employee’s ability’s (Basu, 2012). Validity and Reliability The issue of validity is a major issue surrounding psychological testing. Each individual psychological test must measure what it was intended to measure. The test must contain construct validity that is it must measure the psychological construct, such as depression, that it was designed to measure. The test must also have content validity; it must adequately sample information from the broad range that composes the construct in use. The criterion related validity is important as well, this is the type of validity that is most relative to performance psychological tests. The test to measure performance must have valid criteria that can be tested by having employees that already perform, the tasks the test is supposed to measure, well. If those employees do well on the tests then the test should be valid for those who haven’t done the tasks yet (Raymond Richmond, 2012). In order for any psychological test to be valid, it must also be reliable. There are two types of reliability that makes up the total reliability of the given psychological test: internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. The internal consistency reliability measures how well all the items listed in the test relate to one another. If they relate well then the internal consistency can be found to be reliable. The most important of these types of reliability is the test-retest reliability. This measures how well the results of one testing match up with the results of another testing by the same individual using the same test but at different times (Raymond Richmond, 2012). Given that the human mind is so complex that it is impossible to know anything with full and total confidence, no psychological test can ever be entirely valid or reliable. Even with extensive testing it is not yet possible to fully assert any conclusion with total certitude (Raymond Richmond, 2012). Ethical issues There are several ethical issues involved in workplace psychological testing; the most easily abused is that of stereotyping. When an individual takes part in a personality test, the results classify them in one personality group or another. The inherent inaccuracies of these personality tests, that come from minds too complex to properly measure, can cause errors in the results and the results are from the majority of the answers given, as no person is entirely of one type, a person can have scored only slightly more as an introvert as opposed to being an extrovert in one testing, but can then be seen as an introvert by the manager or fellow employees. Assumptions that come from the generalization of these types can lead to job discrimination (Marshall, 2010). There is an ethical consideration to asking employees to take psychological tests without making it clear that the results will be kept confidential. Often time’s employers will not give this consideration to their employees, making it mandatory and not giving the reassurance that it will be kept confidential. The results from these tests when shared among other employees may lead to harassment in the form of teasing and such, making the workplace feel more hostile and a less productive environment. It is also unethical to use personality tests as the basis for decisions regarding promotions and work assignments (Marshall, 2010). Conclusion The variety of psychological testing, especially personality testing used in the work place can be a factor in a person’s career. As long as the validity and reliability of these tests are as secure as any psychological test can be and the employers utilize these test ethically, these tests can help individuals grow within their companies. When a test shows a weakness in a certain area, the individual can use those results to improve skills to help strengthen those weak points and employers can help employees follow their strengths that will help in their rise through their companies.

Teen Pregnancy (2423 words) Essay Example For Students

Teen Pregnancy (2423 words) Essay Teen PregnancyTeen PregnancyThesis statement:Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in todays society; there are many ways to prevent teen pregnancy, many people to get advice from, and many decisions that a teen parent must make. Outline:I. IntroductionII. Teenage PregnancyA. Concerns about Teenage PregnancyB. What helps prevent Teen PregnancyC. Source of Advice and SupportIII. Stages of PregnancyA. First TrimesterB. Second TrimesterC. Third TrimesterIV. Challenges of Teenage ParenthoodA. Parenthood OptionsB. Continuing EducationC. Financial ProblemsV. ConclusionTeenage pregnancy is a major concern in todays society; there are many ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, many people to get advice from, and many decisions a teenage parent must make. The statistics tell that the U.S. has the highest rate of teen pregnancy and births. We will write a custom essay on Teen Pregnancy (2423 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now More than 4 out of ten young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20-nearly one billion a year(Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Teenage pregnancy has declined slowly but steadily. These recent declines reverse the 24-percent rise in the teenage birth rate from 1986 to 1991 (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Usually only one-third of teenage mothers receive a high school diploma. The rest of the mothers usually end up on welfare. A majority of both boys and girls who are sexually active wish they had waited. Eight in ten girls and six in ten boys say they wish they had waited (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Many people are concerned about the problems teenage parents and their children face. The health risks for a teenage girl who becomes pregnant increase sharply. One of the concerns of teenage mothers is the health risk. Usually young women have more complications in pregnancy than older women. The most hazardous complication is low birth weight. One out of seven babies born to teenage mothers have a low birth weight (Hildebrand 88). Poor eating habits, smoking, or using alcohol or drugs, cause low birth weight. Premature babies and babies with low birth weights often have organs that havent fully developed, such as lungs, heart and brain. These babies get sick easier than normal weight babies. As a result from what was motioned above, teenage mothers are considered to be in the high-risk health category. They need good prenatal care as soon as they find out they are pregnant. A doctor, nurse, or other medical practitioner gives most of the information about nutrition. Prenatal care can help prevent pregnancy complications and improve ones chances of having a healthy baby. The best way to prevent teenage pregnancy, which is 100% effective, is abstinence. Most teenagers have a whole life ahead of them and having a child will cause a lot of complications in your goals. Its no t impossible for teenage mothers to complete high school, or try to reach their goals in life, but having a child could very well interfere with these goals. Another way of protection is condoms. There are a lot of protections out there, but these protections are not 100-percent reliable. There are a lot of places and people to go to for support and advice. In addition there are many organizations and hotlines a teenage mother can contact for advice and assistance. Parents and family are one alternative. There are a lot of teenagers that are afraid of their parents reactions. However, most parents are calmer and more supportive than teenagers expect. Most parents are shocked when the teenager comes and tells them that they are pregnant. Just give the parents time and they will try to give their teenager the best advice that they know. The school nurse or counselor is another place to get advice. The counselor usually can gather up pamphlets and brochures about pregnancy. The counsel or can also help the teenager remain in school. They are very supportive and understanding. Doctors and clinics are very important for a teenage parent to go to. There are a lot of home pregnancy tests available, but the doctor is a lot more reliable and gives a more accurate answer. Family planning counselors are also very professional people who can explain various options and discuss the community resources available to teenagers. They also help arrange for financial assistance and recommend support groups. Since teenagers need a lot of prenatal care, the counselor also offers advice on prenatal care, nutrition information, childbirth classes, and parenting skills. These mentioned are just a few place or people you can go to for advice. Dont ever think that there isnt anyone out there to ask for advice. Teenager mothers would feel a lot more comfortable knowing what was going on with their bodies and how the baby is developing. The next part of this paper is going to explain the first through the third trimester of pregnancy. .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .postImageUrl , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:hover , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:visited , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:active { border:0!important; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:active , .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5fdccf2fb2b7abfe1a49545600f2927a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alcohol abuse EssayThe average biological length of human gestation, from conception to delivery, is 266 days. Due to the difficulty in assessing the exact date of conception, however, the clinical length of pregnancy is considered to be 280 days or 40 weeks, calculated from the last normal menstrual period before the cessation of menses, or menstrual flow. This calculation assumes that ovulation occurs 14 days after the last menstrual period. Human gestation is further divided into trimesters, each of which lasts slightly more than 13 weeks (Pregnancy and birth 1). In the first trimester the mother experiences nausea and vomiting, morning sickness, in the first 8 weeks. Breast soreness or tingling often occurs due to hormonal stimulation. Fatigue is also a common complaint. The baby is developing organs in the first trimester. The fetus heart begins to beat after 4 weeks. By 8 weeks, the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, fingers, and toes are easily recognizable, and male and female reproductive systems have diffentiated. By 12 weeks all of the organs have developed. During these first weeks, the mother should be very careful because the fetus is most vulnerable to potential teratogenic, birth-defect inducing drugs, radiation, and viruses. All of those factors are very dangerous to the fetus. During the second trimester the mother has increasing abdominal girth and pressure from the growing uterus. Braxton-Hicks contractions may occur. The mother may experience lightheadedness and may even faint due to the effects of the hormones on the blood vessels and the amount of blood diverted to the uterus, placenta, and fetus. There are many discomforts associated with pregnancy, most complained about is heartburn. Despite this discomfort, women are generally more comfor table during the second trimester than the first. During the second trimester the babys thin-walled skin develops, organs begin to function, and blood begins to be formed in the bone marrow. Scalp hair appears, fat increases, and bones begin to harden. About 20 weeks along, the mother can feel the precise movements of the baby. In the third trimester, the last weeks of pregnancy become increasingly uncomfortable. Headaches, shortness of breath, and swelling of legs are the common complaints. False labor pains, or contractions of the uterus that do not lead to progressive dilation, or opening of the cervix, can be particularly uncomfortable. The baby gains weight in the third trimester. Ear lobes begin to develop cartilage, testes begin to descend into the scrotum, nails begin to grow over the tips of the fingers, and creases develop over the soles of the feet. Also, the fetus begins to demonstrate coordinated patterns of behavior that are similar to the cycles of activity and sleep of a newborn. The things mentioned are just an overall view of the trimesters. A womans body undergoes a variety of changes to prepare for the growth, nourishment, and birth of a child. The teenage parent has a lot of challenges that must be overcame and decided, such as parenthood options, continuing education, and financial problems. These mentioned are just a few of the challenges a teenager faces. There are three options parents must decide if they become pregnant. The parents can marry and raise the child together. The mother or father can raise the child as a single parent. The parents can put the baby up for adoption. These are three options that are going to be very hard to decide. Whatever the teenager decides will have a consequence on the baby and the parents. When teenagers become pregnant, the first thing they want to do is rush into marriage. The parents may have talked about marriage but this would be the real thing. Only one-third of the teenagers who become pregnant before the age of 18 are married (Gutman 25). Babies need a lot of attention. They need to be fed, burped, diaper changes, bathe and cuddled. Having someone around to help with these tasks can be very helpful and rewarding for parents and the baby. Most teenage marriages dont last long. The teenagers may think they will have more freedom when they are married. Wrong, you will not have as much freedom. Teenagers are taking on a big responsibility when they marry. Think about it before you rush into marriage. When teenagers marry, they have to make decisions about where to live and how to pay the bills. These are just things you have to decide on. Trying to adjust to parenthood and having a marriage partner will be challenging and overwhelming. As a result, four out of five teenage couples divorce within six years (Hildebrand 94). The marriages that are successful receive support from friends and family. Another option would be singe parenthood. Single parenthood is either the mother or father deciding to raise the child alone. Usually when this happens, the mother is the one to keep the child. Both mother and child usually live with the mothers parents. Money concern plays a major role in teenage marriage, but is a greater problem for single parents. Being a single parent, trying to work, finish school, you must arrange for childcare services. Childcare services can be very expensive for a single parent. Usually if a single parent is balancing school, work, and taking care of a child, the teenager have a lot of support from parents, friends, and relatives. Parents can be big support for a teenage parent. The last option is adoption. To make this decision, the parents would have thought long and hard about the babys needs and their future. Adoption is not bad it may be best for the child if the couple isnt able to provide everything that a baby needs. If the parents werent able to gi ve the baby the good start in life it needs, adoption would be the best option. .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .postImageUrl , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:hover , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:visited , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:active { border:0!important; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:active , .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32c2e5af6ecdb596b22783330496a11f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PLate Tetonics EssayAdoptions can be arranged by local, state, religious, and even private agencies. These agencies have a list of couples that wants kids but are unable to have them. The couples background is checked to be certain that they would be the best parents for the baby. Teenage parents who put their child up for adoption can be assured that the child will be taken care of. If the parents decide to give the baby up for adoption before its born, it can be arranged before birth. Adoption laws vary from state to state. An open adoption can be made. This adoption allows the birth and adoptive parents to share information about themselves and the child. The birth moth er usually meets the adoptive parents during the pregnancy or after the birth. The adoptive parents send photographs and letters letting the birth mother know how the child is doing. This is an advantage for the birth mother. The birth parents will know a little about his/her biological background. The adoptive parents can answer most of any questions the child asks about the birth parents. Continuing education is also a major decision when you become a teenage parent. Pregnant teenagers have the right to finish their education. It may be hard, but it is not impossible. In some schools they stay in their regular classes, but in others they are placed in special classes for pregnant teenagers. These classes can be helpful because they help parents learn about pregnancy, prenatal care, and parenting skills. Some schools even have childcare. This would help out a lot of teenage parents trying to finish their education. It is important for teenage parents to complete high school. A lot of jobs require high school diplomas. How can teenagers support their baby with no job?The statistics show that teenagers who dropout usually qualify for the lowest-paying jobs in the community, if even that. That is why having an education will help out a teenage mother or father. Having a high school diploma enables them to have more career choices. The most important challenge of a teenage parent is financial problems. Teenagers face more financial problems than older parents. Even if both parents work, they lack the education or skills needed to obtain a job that can support a family. This is why many teen mothers rely on welfare. Some 63% of teen parents depended on public programs for medical needs and daily living expense in 1992 (Programs that Work Now 1). Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC) provides financial support to eligible parents and children. Government assistance is minimal, however, and not always available. This probably wont change in the future becau se of the tax burden of these programs. Because of these programs, it helps prevent teenage mothers living in poverty. Before you become sexually active think of the consequences you face. Teen pregnancy isnt just it, there are many problems such as STDs, AIDS, and HIV. These are all associated with sex. If you are sexually active get on some kind of birth control and always use a condom. Think about the consequences you as a teenager would have to face if you risk getting pregnant. Think about the consequences it would put a baby through. Its tough to be a teenage parent and people will have to sacrifice a lot of things that they used to do now that theres a baby with you. Just remember, dont start having sex just because everybody else is or because someones pressuring you into it. Think about everything, including your future, school, friends, freedom, and your life. WORK CITEDGutman-Bowe, Sonia. Teen Pregnancy. Minneapolis: 1987. Hildebrand, Verna. Parenting: Rewards and Responsibilities. New York: 1988Pregnancy and birth. Grolier, INC. 1996 ed. Programs that work now. AFDC. 1995 online. Internet. 18 November 1999. Available http://www.intac.com/~jdeck/tahra/programstext.html. Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats. NCPTP. 1999. Online. Internet. 11 November 1999. Available http://www.teenpregnancy.org/factstats.html. Social Issues Essays

French Love Vocabulary

French Love Vocabulary French is often called the language of love. Here is some love related French vocabulary. To know how to say I love you in French - its more complicated than what it seems and not knowing exactly what you are saying could lead to a huge embarrassment, I suggest you check out my lesson about How To Say I Love You in French. French Love Vocabulary Lamour - loveLamitià © - friendshipMon amour - my love (could be used as a French term of endearment, either for a man or a woman)Mon chà ©ri, ma chà ©rie - darling (note the i sound at the end)Je taime - I am in love with youJe laime - I am in love with him/herJe suis amoureux / amoureuse de toi, lui, elle, vous... - I am in love with you, him, her, you (formal or... plural !)Tomber Amoureux / amoureuse - to fall in love (not tomber en amour which is used in Canadian French but not in France)Est-ce que tu veux sortir avoir moi - would you like to go out with me ?Est-ce que tu veux bien mà ©pouser - would you marry me? The bien here means are you willing to marry me, but its what we traditionally say.To kiss - embrasser, sembrasser. WATCH OUT !!! Not baiser... Im sorry to be vulgar but you need to be aware that un baiser is fine, it a kiss, but baiser as a verb nowadays means to f..k.A kiss - un baiser, un bisou - I wrote a whole article on the subject of  French kisses.Les fia nà §ailles - engagement Se fiancer - to get engagedUn fiancà ©, une fiancà ©e - someone you are engaged to. But sometimes used to say someone you are just dating.Le mariage - marriage, wedding (only one R in French)Se marier avec qqun - to get married with someoneÉpouser quelquun - to marry someoneLa lune de miel  - HoneymoonUn mari - a husbandUne femme - a wifeUn petit-ami - a boyfriendUne petite-amie - a girlfriend If you liked this article, I suggest you take a look at my  French terms of endearment audio article, and also the  French dating system explained  on my own site French Today. You may also like: Dialogue About Kissing - Easy Bilingual StoryHow To Say I love You in FrenchFrench Canadian Love ExpressionsFrench Valentines Day Traditions and Vocabulary - Easy Bilingual Story

A Report on the Improvement of My Speech as a Public Speaker Through Self-Assessment

A Report on the Improvement of My Speech as a Public Speaker Through Self-Assessment Informative Briefing Self-Assessment Essay In choosing my topic, I wanted to talk about something that I was passionate about alongside something that just about everyone would be interested in knowing more about. With the history of Pokemon video games and their initial popularity based on the statistics, I wanted to make sure people who did not know much about the franchise were well informed and those that knew a lot about the franchise were able to stay interested in something they could relate to not only as a child but as a young adult. After watching my Panopto video, I was very satisfied with my presentation. I also was able to notice specific places and aspects were I can improve to present an even greater speech the next time around. Following my first speech, I plan to give a better speech by speaking more slowly and engaging the audience more efficiently. To start off, I will first go over the strengths included in the feedback from my peers. Many of my peers were pleased with my execution of the speech, through the projection of my voice, my natural body movements, eye contact, and overall evidence of passion in the subject. I also received positive feedback about the overall organization of my speech, mainly based on the use of visuals and bullets on the slides as I spoke. The feedback tied in with the Panopto recording, as I could see how clearly I spoke, how organized my presentation was, and how naturally relaxed I was. I was very satisfied with these general aspects of my speech that the audience not only enjoyed, but was able to keep up with. Alongside the positive feedback, there are some fields that I would like to and need to improve in. Feedback on improvements included more eye contact at times, needing to let the questions sink in/letting the audience answer, and overall slowing down in order to have some members keep up with my speech. Overall, I generally agree with the improvements needed. There were times where I would look down at my notes longer than I should, such as when I would talk about the statistics or go over an extended aspect of history. When asking my questions to engage the audience such as in the introduction, I never did pause to let the questions sink in or to have some peers answer the questions; that aspect is specifically what I need to work on. The pace of my speech is really fast; based on some of the feedback, some peers were unable to keep up with my topic, especially when I would reference to the statistics aspect of my speech. I know that one of the reasons for my fast-paced speech was the time limit, but for future speeches I could possibly use less information to be able to speak at a reasonable speed and still stay within the directed time limit. In general, the informative briefing speech has helped me be more aware of my strengths and weaknesses as a public speaker. Receiving feedback from peers that have to do the same informative briefings gives me a different perspective as opposed to just a teacher giving me feedback. Watching my speech on Panopto gave me a personal insight on what I need to improve on alongside my individual strengths as a public speaker. Before my next speech, I plan to pace myself alongside keeping up with how long my speech is. I will also focus on memorizing certain subjects in my topics so I won’t have to rely too much on my notecards. Engaging the audience more efficiently is something else I will focus on for my next speech. These techniques will fortify the aspects I already excel on as a public speaker, and will initially improve my speeches and presentations.

Management in the Apple Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management in the Apple Company - Research Paper Example The fanatical loyalty of the Apple brand becomes obvious to an outsider when he/she sees the shoppers sleeping just next to the shop-door in an attempt to be the first one to buy the new Apple item. Apple’s success as a company and the development of liking among the people for the Apple products as well as the whole Apple culture is an outcome of prudent and timely planning. This paper looks into the way management of the Apple Company has dealt with the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Management Functions 1. Planning Apple’s successful strategic planning is the most fundamental reason of its success. Apple’s foresightedness is a virtue that helps the Company display excellent and realistic planning. Apple regularly assesses the risks in the planning phase, thinks of a number of ways in which the risk can be mitigated and finally, takes the action that incurs Apple the minimal cost and the offers maximal advantage to t he Company. Challenges that the Apple Company has conventionally planned for include but are not limited to the altering buying attitude of the target customers under effect of the global economy and/or their local economies, and growth in the number of fake and pirated items. Apple has frequently employed branding as a strategy to succeed in the ever-increasing competition. Branding can be defined as a process through which a brand develops association of the consumers with itself so that they would approach the very brand when they need to purchase something. There are few people who decide to purchase an Apple computer, though they surely want to try the less expensive gadgets like iPhone and iPod. Apple provides new users with an opportunity to learn about Apple by selling such gadgets at a significantly lower cost. Hence, Apple plans to use the small gadgets as advertisers to convince the users to buy larger and more expensive Apple products like Apple computers. 2. Organizing In the start, Apple was facing the problem of recognition. The sales staffers have for long been insufficiently informed of the Apple products. In order to tackle this problem, Apple resolved to establish its own stores that would have nothing but all Apple products in them. This enabled Apple not only to give a unique identity to its products amongst the similar computing devices already available in the market, but also make a customer-loyalty move. Consumers are facilitated with the establishment of Apple stores since both the PC and the Mac users can shop together. â€Å"This is a space where Macheads can not only get service but also hang out with others who enjoy Apple products just as much as they do. By creating this space, Apple encourages current and new customers to get excited about what it has to offer† (Inside CRM, 2011). 3. Leading Steve P. Jobs is Apple’s cofounder and the chief executive of the Company. Apple’s success can also be attributed to a significant extent to the exceptional leadership skills of Jobs. Jobs has invested so much energy in taking Apple from the nascent state to the level where it is today that he has taken little care of his own health. Owing to his deteriorating health, Jobs has taken medical leave for the company thrice within a period of ten years. In his absence, Timothy D. Cook used to look after the everyday works in the Apple Company. Most experts are of the view that although Jobs has

Effectice Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effectice Performance Management - Essay Example Swann Communications is a global leader in home and business CCTV security industry. The company employs about 65 professionals who do their best to meet organizational objectives and industry requirements. Performance standards applied by Swann Communications help the management to support general activity of organization and its performance: technical support, high morale of employees, conditions of work, etc. The company's performance is based on certain standards which can be described as an expression of planning goals. These standards are based on social corporate responsibility and corporate ethics employed by Swann Communications. Some goals cannot easily be expressed in quantitative form, e.g. morale of a group, and are measured only in a qualitative manner. Group members in Swann Communications have one goal in common, such as to produce and market high quality CCTV surveillance solutions. Communication is essential within each project and members of the group which help to achieve the group task. Expected behavior patterns are developed within each group and these are referred to as norms of Swann Communications. All project teams follow certain stipulated standards of work and behavior which help them to avoid conflict situation and increase work efficiency. The role of managers in Swann Communications is to channel employees into constructive activities that are in the interests of the company. One answer has been to obtain more employee participation in decisions that affect their interests so that group members will not be so much against management. The most important is that performance indicators are used at all organizational levels, from the technical/managerial and institutional level. Swann Communications plays special attention to relationship between all levels and the accreditation process. The quality and nature of the decisions made are influence by the nature of the structure. Based on horizontal structure, Swann Communications is able to develop activities which are competitive with, or directly complementary to, a company's present activities. Swann Communications interprets organization as socio-technical system which concerned with the interactions between the psychological and social factors, as well as structural and technical requirements. The Ways in which Performance is Reviewed Goal theory is used to measure motivation of employees. This is a useful tool which helps to measure behavior at different organizational levels. The systems approach to organization and management also give recognition to the importance of groups in influencing behavior at work. In Swann Communications job evaluation is concerned with intrinsic value. Control is used to measuring performance against standards. Standards and controls are set according to the job performed. Deviations observed by HR department are reported immediately to the management team. In some cases, such information is usually supplied too late to be of immediate use, and can be used only for future planning. Monitoring is used to gather information and certain deviations in order to respond effectively to group changes. Swann Communications management team stipulates and set clear goal and responsibility for work done is well defined. In this situation, monitoring becomes more effective and it is

Cap and Trade Policy Paper Essay Example for Free

Cap and Trade Policy Paper Essay Introduction: The issue of carbon emissions is an important one not only from an environmental perspective but also an economic one. While reducing carbon emissions is an important one for the health of human beings as well as that of the environment, the larger question is what type of policy strategy is best for both reducing such emissions which might have an impact on efforts to mitigate the effects of pollution on climate change. While ther are options to consider which does not rely on economics technological or output standards achieved by command and control regulationsthey are often fraught with political resistance by industry because they do not allow industry to make any choices or play a role in solving the problem of excessive emissions and the burden that these emissions place on others. Instead of such draconian measures based on fiat, the preferred options rely on economic tools instead to provide incentives to industry to police itself by either incenting investment in emission-reducing and/or energy saving technologies or to reduce production in line with the total/social-costs rather than just the private/ producer-costs of production. Two such economic policies to consider in this regard are emission taxes and cap-and-trade policies. Overview of Policy Problem: Carbon emissions reduction Consider a company that faces an increasing marginal pollution abatement cost curve as in the Figure 1. Left unregulated it will choose not to reduce its carbon emissions (a.k.a abate carbon emissions) and avert facing the costs of abatement represented by the area underneath the marginal abatement cost curve represented by area (B + C + D) in the diagram below. Figure 1: Marginal Costs and Marginal Benefits of Reducing Carbon Emissions [pic] Source: Econ 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap-and-Trade, 2012, n.pag. Suppose that policy analysts have determined that the economically efficient level of pollution abatement occurs at the point where marginal benefits of abatement equal the marginal cost costs of abatement as is suggested in economic theory. The resulting level of carbon emissions is e* (reduction in emissions is measured from the far right in the diagram above to the pointe*). The question is what policy to follow to achieve e*: either some type of fiat policy involving either some type of output restriction or requiring use of a particular pollution-control technology or some type of policy that involves financial incentives to reduce emissions. This paper hypothesizes that policy options involving economic incentives are preferable to those options that involve regulatory fiat. Specification of Economic Policy Models: 1) A Carbon Emissions Tax: One policy instrument that can be used to achieve this level of abatement is to set a tax where marginal benefit equals marginal cost represented by the horizontal tax line in the Figure 2 below. Under such a scheme, the polluter will find that it is cheaper to reduce carbon emissions so long as the marginal cost is lower than the tax. Since the tax bill (A + B) is great than the marginal abatement cost bill (B) to the left of the point e*, the firm will choose to reduce emissions up to the level of C with the remaining emissions level indicated in figure 2 measured from the right in the diagram. To the right of e*, the marginal abatement costs, represented by areas C + D, are greater than the tax bill (area D) so the firm will choose to pay the tax and continue to emit pollutants beyond e*. Figure 2: The Carbon Emissions Tax [pic] Source: Econ 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap-and-Trade, 2012, n.pag. So long as the marginal costs and benefits of abatement can be known with certainty, an emissions tax can be set at the point of intersection of these two measures resulting in an efficient level of pollution emissions at e* with total abatement costs (including taxes paid) to the polluter of area B+D and providing the government with revenues represented by D (Econ. 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap and Trade, n. pag.). It is when these marginal costs and marginal benefits are either not measurable in their entirety or when there is uncertainty about the figures obtained that leads to added questions as to whether this would be the best policy to follow. 2) A Cap Policy: An alternative policy to an emissions tax to achieve reductions in emissions through the tools of economics is to set a cap at the point where marginal social benefit equals marginal social cost of reducing emissions/abatement represented by the vertical cap line in Figure 3 below. The polluting firm must reduce its carbon emissions to e* where the marginal social cost of reducing emissions equals the marginal social benefit of the products produced by the polluter. Such a policyif the social costs and social benefits can be measured accurately—results in an efficient level of emissions produced/reduced at e* with an abatement cost borne by Figure 3: Cap Policy for Each Firm [pic] Source: Econ 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap-and-Trade, 2012, n.pag. the polluter equivalent to area B (Econ. 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap and Trade, n. pag.). The issue is whether total social costs can be measured and measured accurately in order to set such a policy at the correct or efficient level of emissions for each firm. Normally such policies do not result in efficiency even though an efficient level of overall emissions can be attained since it does not account for different costs of abatement in different firms. That is, a level of emissions can be attained that is equivalent to that achieved under an economically efficient policy but the level is not achieved at the lowest overall cost. One way of obtaining individual caps is for the government to auction off emission permits that total the pre-set amount of emissions that it feels is optimal. Firms with higher costs of reducing emissions will bid higher than firms with lower cost structures. Again, the only problem is determining what the total amount of emissions should be reflecting all social costs and benefits of reducing carbon emissions. 3) A Cap-and-Trade Policy An added twist on the cap policy allows firms to trade emission allotments between themselves based on the buyer of allotment bargaining with the seller over the proper price to pay for the extra allotment. A two-panel diagram is needed to better understand the logic of trading emission allotments. Figure 4 illustrates the marginal cost of reducing emissions of two firms. One firm is run on older technology with high abatement costs that goes from right to left with zero costs represented at the lower right-hand corner of the diagram. The other firm has newer technology in its plant with lower abatement costs that goes left to right with zero costs represented at the lower left-hand corner of the diagram. The width of the horizontal axis is the reduction in emissions that must be achieved overall to an efficient level. The intersection of the two marginal cost curves is where economic efficiency is achieved. That is, the value achieved Figure 4. Cap-and-Trade Between Firms Policy Source: Econ 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap-and-Trade, 2012, n.pag. from the last dollar expended on abatement must be the same across all firms in the market. This is known as the equimarginal principle (Boyes and Melvin, 2011,122). The total cost of attaining the efficient abatement/emissions level is equal to the area C + G + K. At the efficient level of emissions, e*, the low cost (of reducing emissions) firm should reduce more emissions than the high cost (or reducing emissions) firm. Such a policy can be implemented by issuing carbon permits to different firms and allowing them to buy and sell their permits in the open market. Normally, equal amounts of permits are issued to each firm since it is difficult to assess the true abatement cost a priori. In the end, the marketplace will help determine the differences in cost structure depending on how high a firm is willing to bid for an extra permit or two (Econ. 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap and Trade, n. pag.). As with the individual firm cap policy, the cap-and-trade policy is predicated on the government being able to determine the optimal level of total emissions desired reflecting social costs and benefits of reducing carbon emissions. Combining the different economic policy options together, it is obvious that it is possible to achieve the same level of reduction in emissions by setting a tax at the same level as where the marginal costs of reducing emissions is the same between firms which is at the level represented by the horizontal line in Figure 4 above. As above, the polluting firms will notice that it is cheaper to abate carbon emissions as long as the marginal abatement cost is lower than the tax. The firms with the higher cost structure will reduce emissions to e* when measured from right to left and incur abatement costs equivalent to area K and pay taxes equivalent to area B+C+F+G. The firms with the lower cost structure will reduce emissions to e* when measured from left to right and incur abatement costs of C+G and pay taxes equivalent to areas J + K in Figure 4. Setting a cap on each individual firm will produce the same level of reduction in emissions, but given that it is difficult, if not impossible, to individualized caps based on different cost structures of abatement, an efficient outcome is difficult to achieve under such a policy even though emissions are reduced to the same overall level. Regarding the market failure due to the negative carbon externality, both a carbon tax and carbon cap-and-trade will achieve the same level of increased efficiencyassuming that measurements of costs and benefits can be measured accurately by reducing emissions to the optimal level at minimum cost. The real difference in these policies is due to differences in the distribution of costs. In the carbon tax policy, the government receives added revenues while in the cap and cap-and-trade policies when permits are simply handed out to firms, the firm has no additional outlays other than the cost of abatement to stay within the cap or to purchase additional allotment from other firms. If the permits are initially auctioned off by the government, the additional revenues to the government should be nearly the same as with a tax scheme if marginal social costs and benefits have been measured accurately. However, the economics-based policies are preferable to policies based on fiat where specific technologies (e.g., smoke-stack scrubbers) or a uniform cap on emission outputs across all firms since these other policies fail to take into account social costs and benefits. With regard to the economics-based policies, the following added impacts may also occur. First, in addition to static efficiencyefficiency occurring within a single period of timethere may also be dynamic efficiency within these policy schemes whereby firms have an incentive to adopt new technology over time to reduce their marginal costs of reducing carbon emissions (Econ. 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap and Trade, n. pag.). Secondly, carbon emission taxes and/or auctioning permits will generate additional government revenue that might be used to offset various distortionary taxes on labour and/or capital (Econ. 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap and Trade, n. pag.). Evidence and Analysis: There are various problems associated with the design of emissions tax regimes warranting discussion. First, if such a tax were placed on individuals rather than firms without any offsetting changes in other taxes or government transfers, a carbon tax might be regressive suggesting that the highest tax burden would be placed on the poor (Poterba, 1991, 11). This is mostly applicable to gasoline taxes where a flat emissions tax would make up a higher percentage of the income of poorer over wealthier taxpayers; thus, an issue of equity arises here. Likewise, firms with higher profit margins would shoulder less burden from the tax than firms with lower profit margins given a similar costs of pollution abatement. Poterba (1991) suggests that this regressiveness could be offset by changes in either the direct tax system or in government transfers. Second, as the population grows and production totals continue to increase to meet the demands of this growing population, emission taxes will need to rise to keep emissions at a particular level; this may lead to a set of distortions in terms of domestic vs. foreign production whereby firms can transfer production to other jurisdictions that do not have such taxes in place. Thus, international trade leads to an opportunity to get around the tax scheme and the higher the taxes instituted, the higher the incentive to engage in such behaviour. Thus, if emission taxes differ significantly between two neighbouring jurisdictionfor example, the State of New York and Connecticut or even New York and one of its neighbouring Canadian provincesthere is an inherent incentive to move production outside of the jurisdiction with the highest taxes and import products from elsewhere. Third, a central issue regarding the design of carbon emissions taxes to harmonize such polities with other fiscal instruments designed to mitigate the effects of climate change. For instance, it is important to ensure that taxes on chlorofluorocarbons and emissions from fossil fuels are comparable to avoid distortions in consumption that may lead to a worse outcome for the environment than in the absence of such policies (Poterba, 1991, 27). Bosquet (2000) conducted a review of the evidence regarding the impact of carbon emissions taxes on the environment and the economy. She claims that environmental taxes involve the shifting of tax burden from employment, income, and investment to resource depletion and waste. She asks the general question of whether such tax reform can produce a double benefit by helping the environment and the economy simultaneously. Based on her reviews of the literature and available evidence, she concludes that when emissions taxes are instituted, they are generally associated with reductions in payroll taxes, andif wage-price inï ¬â€šation is preventedthey often result in signiï ¬ cant reductions in pollution and small gains in employment (Bosquet, 2000, 19). Also associated with the implementation of such environmental taxes are also marginal changesgains or losses in production in the short to medium term, while investments decease marginally and prices increase. However, she cautions that the results of such environmental taxes in the long-term are less certain (Bosquet, 2000, 29). With regard to cap and cap-and-trade policies, the evidence is also available regarding the effectiveness and consequences of such policies. Stavins (2008) describes a graduated cap-and-trade scheme that involves initially just Carbon gasses with 50% of permits issued to polluters in the market free of charge and other half auctioned off. Over 25 years, the percentage auctioned off annually will gradually increase to 100% and other greenhouse gas emissions will be included over this time span. The idea is to implement a gradual iterative policy with a slow trajectory of emission reductions. As time goes on, other emissions are included in this scheme and the system provides for harmonizing this scheme over time with effective cap-and-trade systems and other emission credit reduction programs in other jurisdictions. This harmonization effectively addresses the issue raised with emission tax policies that are unilaterally established in one jurisdiction without consideration for the po licies in neighbouring jurisdictions. If there is an effective way to dovetail policies in different jurisdiction, then this would level the playing field between domestic and imported products. Regarding actual cap-and-trade policies already in place, Colby (2000) analyzes a cap-and-trade policy for limiting Sulfur Dioxide emissions. The changes stemmed from the Clean Air Act of 1990 which allowed for a nationwide cap-and-trade policy for industrial firms emitting sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. Marginal costs of reducing emissions fell substantially duringn the 1990s due to reduced costs of installing scrubbers, reduced costs of flue gas desulfurization, and falling costs for low sulfur coal all due, to a large extent, to an active program of trading/buying allowances between firms that emerged after a few years of experience after the program was initiated. As Colby (2000) states, â€Å"The allowance trading market enhanced competition among the different methods that firms use to control emissions, adding impetus to cost reductions† (Colby, 2000, 642). Low allowance prices and falling marginal costs associated with reducing emissions produced earlier-than-predicted cutbacks in sulfur dioxide emissions. Allowance prices rose from lows of $80-90/unit in 1996 to about $215/unit in mid-1999 spurring further conservation efforts. Colby (2002) does mention that design and implementation of cap-and-trade schemes involves some important policy tradeoffs: equity among the players, balancing use levels with resource conditions, facilitating transactions between firms wishing to trade allowances, accurate accounting for externality costs, assuring adequate monitoring of emissions levels, and documenting welfare gains due to the policy. She says that efficient trading mechanisms can be more easily implemented when there is a strong political or legal mandate to cap resource use and trading allowances are sensed by all parties involved to be a way to ease adjustment to limits on emissions (Colby, 2000, 638). In choosing between the various policies, it is inevitably important to sense the level of uncertainty over measuring the items of interest. With regard to emissions taxes, it is important to have fairly accurate estimates of marginal social costs and benefits and with regard to cap-and-trade schemes, there needs to also be a fairly accurate means of estimating the optimal level of emissions given all the costs and benefits involved in reducing emissions. If it becomes difficult to measure these items accurately, then the expected deadweight loss and associate probabilities of various miscalculations needs to be assessed and compared across the different strategies to determine the policy that produces the smallest expected deadweight loss which is key from an economic perspective. Since policies based on fiat, such as technology mandates and non-economically based output standards, are not set with regard to these types of measures, it is likely that the deadweight economic loss associated with these policies will be greater than for either emissions taxes or better yet, cap-and-trade policies. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that economics-based emissions policies are preferred over policies based on fiat. Moreover, the strongest evidence for promoting investment in pollution control equipment and reducing emissions that mitigate the effects of climate change appear to involve cap-and-trade policies. Partially, this might be due to the flexible design of such policies which—through the auctioning and/or trading of allowances—account for changing market conditions. This policy, even more so than emission taxes, forces the industry to face current market conditions through the use of auctions and trading for emission allowances. As a result, the parties are forced to make choices based on strong economic criteria to obtain efficiencies over time. Works cited: Bosquet B. 2000. Environmental Tax Reform: Does It Work? A Survey of The Empirical Evidence. Ecological Economics. 34, 19-32, Colby G. 2000. Cap-and-Trade Policy Challenges: A Tale of Three Markets. Land Economics, 76, 638-658. Econ. 101: Carbon Tax vs. Cap-and-Trade. 2012. Website. Retrieved on June 5th, 2012 from http://www.env-econ.net/carbon_tax_vs_capandtrade.html Melvin W. Boyes M. 2011. Microeconomics. 9th ed. Marion, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning, Poterba JM. 1991. Tax Policy to Combat Global Warming: On Designing a Carbon Tax. NBER Working Paper. MIT-CEPR 91-003WP. Retrieved on June 7th, 2012 from http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/50159/28596145.pdf?sequ Stavins RN. 2008. Addressing Climate Change with a Comprehensive U.S. Cap-and-Trade System. Nota Di Lavoro 67.2008 Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. Retrieved on June 7th, 2012 from http://www.feem.it/userfiles/attach/Publication/NDL2008/NDL2008-067.pdf

Foreshadowing in To Build a Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays

Foreshadowing in To Build a Fire In the story "To Build a Fire" by Jack London, foreshadowing is often used. In this story foreshadowing is an effective way to build up a climax. The foreshadowing is both shown by the environment and things the characters say. An example of environmental foreshadowing was when it said, "Fifty degrees below zero stood for a bite of frost that hurt and that must be guarded against.... "Another example was when the man's "fire was blotted out." These examples show that the cold will be the man's doom, but foreshadow only by telling the necessary details. A major point of foreshadowing was what the oldtimer told the man. The oldtimer told the man that "no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below." If the man would have listened, he could have survived. Because he didn't listen; he lost his life. In conclusion, if you read this story carefully you will pick up the small hints and know the outcome of the story. This also shows that foreshadowing can be direct statements or simple statements of fact. Self Confidence Once a man's self confidence is shaken, it becomes increasingly difficult to act rationally. If you are in a life or death situation, every decision you make stacks the odds either for or against you. Once you make a few bad decisions, you realize that your chances for survival are getting slimmer and slimmer. As this fact settles into your conscious mind, it produces panic. Panic is what happens when the brain can't handle the information it is given. Panic takes over rationality, and as a result, you do and say things that are uncharacteristic of you. Panic destroys your self confidence. In Jack London's short story "To Build a Fire" the reader watches a man's mental condition go from high to devastatingly low. At the first of the story, he is very self confident in his own abilities. This is evident by the way he keeps saying the he will be in camp by six. Also, when one suddenly becomes physically handicapped, and abilities that he depends on and previously took for granted are not available to him, he tends to act very insecurely and unstably.

Maus and Life is Beautiful Essay

The Holocaust was a persecution and murder of approximately six ­million Jews by the German Nazi regime. The Nazis came to power in January of 1933. They believed that Germans were racially superior and that the Jews were inferior threats to their community. The Holocaust is a tragic event and has been portrayed in many books and movies as that but there are two particular tales of the Holocaust that illustrate it differently. Maus is graphic novel written by Art Spiegelman and Life Is Beautiful is a comedy drama directed and Roberto Benigni who is also the main character, Guido Orefice. Both of them depict the horrors of the Holocaust through the eyes of resilient characters. Maus is a story of the memories of Vladek Spiegelman. He is a Polish Jew who survived the Holocaust and is being interviewed by his son Art Spiegelman who want to write a book about his father’s experience. Life Is Beautiful is a 1997 academy award winning film that took place in 1930’s Italy. Guido Orefice is an Italian Jewish bookshop owner who uses his imagination to protect his son Joshua from the horrific reality of the Holocaust concentration camps. In the story Maus Vladek is a dashing young man, good ­looking, ambitious, intelligent and resourceful. When the Germans invade Poland conditions worsen for the Jews and Vladek is forced to move from his role as a successful businessman to a resourceful skilled laborer in the concentration camps. While others suffer, he is a voice of hope.

Spain Rise and Fall

Before the 16th century, Spain was not recognized as a legitimate powerhouse in Europe. They were known as a very strong Catholic orientated country located in the Iberian Peninsula north of Morocco. However, in the matter of a span of little over a hundred years, Spain obtained a great amount of wealth and power through conquests and inheritance from the king. Just as they were the greatest empire in the world, it fell apart and soon declined into the status of a third-rate power in Europe.King Charles V of Spain inherited many lands of Europe because of his family background. In 1506, he had obtained the Burgundain Lands, which included the Low Countries and Flanders. He was also the grandson of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, the great two Spanish monarchs from the late 15th century. In 1516, he became the first monarch to rule a united Spain. He was not done yet. In 1519 he was granted the Habsburg domains in Austria. Not only that, but in 1530 he was named Holy Roman Emperor. This meant that Charles V has control over the three leading dynasties of Europe at the time- the House of Habsburg of the Habsburg Monarchy, the House of Valois-Burgundy house of the Burgundian Netherlands, and the House of Trastamara of the Crowns of Castile and Aragon. This meant in Europe Charles V had control completly over the Central, Western, and Southern lands. No other monarch in Europe had as much land as Charles V had in the European continent. Not only did he have that land, but also from the Spanish conquests in the Americas and Asia, Charles V had the first global empire in the world.His empire became very rich and powerful from those conquests and imported goods they received from those places. The Columbian Exchange was the exchange of plants and animals from the Old World and the New World in which Spain and other empires successfully benefited from. From 1493, Columbus introduced horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, pigs, chicken, and goats. The rate at which these animal s grew were spectacular, thus leading to more food for the Spanish population which gave them a population increase and more money flowing in because of the extra meats.Not only that, but Spain brought back maize from Mexico, white potatoes from Peru, and various beans, squash, pumpkins, avocados, and tomatoes. Maize was a great gift for the Spanish because it was used as food for all peoples and livestock of the world. Since it gave a high yield per unit of land and a short growing season, it proved to be an especially important cash crop for them. The discovery of silver in the Americas was what really established Spain as the economic powerhouse of the world. In 1545, the Spanish discovered an enormous amount of silver in the city of Potosi.When it was discovered, no one lived in Potosi. By 1600 however, 160,000 people lived there. This made it about the size of the city of London at the time. Potosi yielded about 60 percent of all the world's silver mined in the world and made S pain very powerful and oh so rich once again. Another way the Spanish became successfully rich was from the slave trade. Their slave system was called the encomienda system, which was a legal form of slavery there. The Crown gave permission the conquerors the right to employ groups of Amerindians as agricultural or mining laborers.However as soon as the rapid decline of Amerindian population followed, the Spanish turned to the black slaves of Africa. This started what soon called the Triangular Trade route. The ships were crammed and packed with hundreds of captives in the boats in order for them to increase profits because the more slaves you had alive in your ship, the more money you received. However, the dominance of Spain proved to be temporary and short lived. Through the result of all the increase of the amount of food and land, it was no surprise that the population experienced a steady increase.This also created a sharp rise in the demand of foods and goods throughout the e mpire. Since Spain had removed their best farmers and businessmen- the Muslims and the Jews- in the fifteenth century, the economy was suffering greatly and could not meet the new demands, so prices rose. As well as that, the cost of manufacturing cloth and other goods increased, and Spanish products were not able to compete with cheaper products made elsewhere in the international market. King Charles V was no longer king of Spain by 1556 because he was tired from he long decades of ruling the vast empire. Through his reign he spent time warring with the French and the Ottoman Empire throughout his reign. He also spent his time devoting his time to stamp out the Protestant Reformation. Thus, the throne was passed down to his son Phillip II. The main event and problem that crucially hit the Spanish Empire was the â€Å"British problem. † On 1586 Mary, Queen of Scots who was the cousin and heir of Elizabeth, became involved in a plot to assassinate her. This was for the hope f or England to reunite with Catholic Europe.Phillip fully supported the plot. Not long after, Mary was discovered and was beheaded on February 18, 1587. Phillip soon heard of the news and went after to conquer England. Conquering England promised the additional benefit of cutting off financial support to Dutch rebels since Spain was in a bitter war with the Dutch at the time. Phillip's strategy was to prepare a vast fleet to sail from Lisbon to Flanders. They would fight off Elizabeth's navy if needed, rendezvous with the duke of Parma, and escort barges carrying Parma's troops across the English Channel.On May 9, 1588 Phillip's fleet of 130 set sail from the Lisbon harbor. The fleet was part of the great Spanish Armada. The Armada met an English fleet in the Channel. The English ships were smaller but faster, allowing more maneuverability in the water. Many of the ships had greater firing power than the Armada ships. The combination of storms, spoiled food and rank water, lacking am munition, and the scattering of the Spanish ships from the English fire ships gave England victory. The Armada was defeated even before they reached the Netherlands.On the way back, many other ships went down near Ireland and about 65 of the ships were able to make it back home. The defeat of the Armada prevented Phillip II from re-imposing religious unity on Western Europe by force. He unfortunately did not conquer England, and Elizabeth continued with her financial and military support of the Dutch. In 1609, Phillip III of Spain (r. 1598-1621) agreed to a truce. This truce recognized the independence of the United Provinces. In the seventeenth-century, memory of the loss of the Spanish Armada contributed to a spirit of defeatism.It was all set and done in little over a century. Spain had completed its epic collapse from being the global empire of the world, to now being a third-rate power in the seventeenth-century. Spain obtained a great amount of wealth and power through conques ts and inheritance from the king in the sixteenth-century. Just as they were the greatest empire in the world, it all fell apart and soon declined into the status of a third-rate power in Europe. In all, we can see how things can quickly change from being outstanding to disastrous.

Report from Los Angels County Museum of Art essays

Report from Los Angels County Museum of Art essays Report from Los Angels County Museum of Art The Los Angeles County Museum of Art is the premier visual arts museum in the Western United States. Its holdings include more than 150,000 works spanning the history of art from ancient times to the present. Moreover, the museum has seasonal exhibitions, which focus on many different types of artists every month. The variety of artwork fascinates visitors and never bores them. I am a frequent visitor of the museum, and, this time, I was enchanted by the sculpture Lady, which was created by Michael Lucero in 1999. The sculptures body simulates Roman or Greek statues, but there is no human-like head. Instead of creating the head, he randomly stacked colorful earthenware on it. Lady is revolutionary in these aspects: the use of contrasting the head and body is outstanding, it symbolizes the fusion of different cultures, and the mysterious appearance arouses peoples imaginations of its meaning. By contrasting the color, texture, and the shape of the body and head, Michael Lucero has succeeded in capturing visitors attention since the combinations are unusual and outstanding. The color of the body is a solid off-white, and the texture of the surface is rough, resembling the statue of Virgin Mary. The shape is very complicating as well. The sculptor precisely produced the wrinkles of the cloth, and I could see the shape of the legs through it. The beauty of the body is beyond description, and it seems to be waiting for a command to step forward. Unlike the body, the colors of the head are bright, and the surface is very smooth and shiny. Lucero utilized a beauty combination of primary colors, such as red, yellow, and blue, which mingled perfectly. The use of the vivid colors reminds me of a pattern in a tie-dye shirt. It also has some pictures of insects and a digit 8:43, which makes it myste ...

Alzheimer disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Alzheimer disease - Research Paper Example Some symptoms include decline in memory and cognitive abilities of the affected individual. This paper will discuss the causes of Alzheimer, its prevalence, the risk factors, signs and symptoms of the disease. The paper will also look at the prevention and treatment options available to the affected people. Alzheimer’s disease Introduction Ballenger (2006) asserts that Alzheimer is the most common form of dementia that leads to memory loss and cognitive decline. Alzheimer is a neurological disorder associated with degeneration of brain cells among individuals aged 65 years and above. The gradual loss of brain cells results from tangles in nerve cells and beta-amyloid plaques that develop in the brain. Some risk factors that contribute to the disease include having a history of high blood pressure, trauma and stress. Ballenger (2006) asserts that â€Å"some symptoms of the disease as memory loss, impaired thinking, changes in personality and disorientation thus ultimately cont ributes to decline in cognitive functioning and damage of brain cells in the cerebral cortex, p 89. Medical scientists assert that Alzheimer is caused by a combination of lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors that impair the brain over time. However, less than 5 percent of the cases result from genetic changes. In the US, more than 5 million people aged 65 years and above are believed to be living with the disease. According to the 2013 statistical report of Alzheimer’s Association, one-tenth of the citizens aged 65 years and above suffer from the disease while one-third of the citizens aged 85 years and above are living with the disease. According to the Association, the disease accounts for over 60 percent of all cases of dementia (Morgan & Carrasquillo, 2013). Alzheimer disease statistics It is estimated than 5 million Americans of all ages are suffering from the disease with an approximately 200,000 under the age of 65 suffering from the disease. One-tenth of peopl e aged 65 years and above is suffering from the disease while one-third of the people aged more than 85 years old have Alzheimer’s disease (Morgan & Carrasquillo, 2013). The prevalence of the disease among women is high than in men since two-thirds of the individuals suffering from the disease are women (Morgan & Carrasquillo, 2013). The deaths attributed to the disease increased by 68 percent between 2000 and 2010 while those attributed to other heart-related diseases declined by 16 percent. The number of people living with Alzheimer is estimated to increase by 40 percent to 7.1 million by 2050 (Morgan & Carrasquillo, 2013). Currently, the disease is the sixth largest cause of death in the US. The causes of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer is a neurodegenerative disease that is caused by death of brain cells that happens over a long period of time. According to Dash and Villemarette-Pittman (2005), the postmortem or autopsies of victims of the disease often show tiny inclusions o f in the nerve tissue thus suggesting the disease leads to death of the brain cells. Genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors that lead to death of brain cells thus leading to memory loss and decline in cognitive functioning of the individual (Welsh, 2006). Risk factors One of the risk factors that lead to Alzheimer is family history and genetics of an individual. Risk genes and deterministic genes influence the likelihood of developing the disease (Welsh, 2006). The risk genes is the apolipoprotein E-e4

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection Paper - Essay Example This is actually a great marketing tool to help customers identify with and makes them want to support businesses with their business needs. Amdocs Corporation is actively involved in many citizen oriented activities throughout the world. They especially reach out and contribute to programs and activities involving children, people with disabilities, and, the poor people and communities where resources for survival aren’t as available. They are actively involved in food and equipment drives, education and mentoring, and drawing attention to community needs. This made an impression on me because the article I read talked about them doing many good things to help people in ways that are more humanitarian instead of business oriented. People who work for Amdocs are part of these communities also; it makes them feel that their company supports them by being actively involved in helping the community. Not only does Amdocs contribute funding support, but it also contributes thousand s of hours of community service to help bridge the gap between what is needed and what the community can provide for itself. Amdocs received a special recognition as being one of the top 100 companies to provide community outreach and service. (Amdocs, 2011) My community service project experience was spent with Faith, Hope, and Love, International, Inc. in Indianapolis. It is a multi- cultural faith based organization that began in Indianapolis in 2005. Their main vision is to make an impact on the neighborhoods surrounding them to increase the social, economic, and spiritual qualities of life for the people they serve. They are actively involved in faith based outreach ministries as well as supporting foreign missions and families with donations. They also have a food bank that helps people locally who are struggling to find enough food in the local community during this time of economic hardship. Their goal is to break down the walls of separation between ethnic and religious com munities to show caring, support and concern for all as the strong arm of their faith based ministry. I found this organization by looking through the list I got from class. I didn’t really know anything about them, but the name sounded good to me. I learned a lot about volunteerism from this experience; how even the smallest assistance makes a big impact. Non-profit organizations can always use an extra hand to help handle the heavy loads they carry. When people volunteer their time and energy to help these organizations, it frees up the administrative people to do more important tasks associated with enlarging their outreach to the communities. Some of the smaller organizations, like the one I chose, have minimal numbers of staff to perform a lot of duties. There was only one couple at the ministry in charge of everything and I helped them as much as I could by performing three services during my volunteer stay there. I helped organize food and supplies at the food storage bank. We had to keep like items together to make it easier for the workers to pack the bags for when people arrived to get their food packages. We also had to make sure the donated foods and their containers were in good condition and did not have expired dates. They asked me to help send out postcards thanking donors for their contributions as well as ones to local businesses and other faith communities asking for support. I sent out around 300 postcards which were hand addressed and stamped. I also

Kaizen and T.Q.M Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Kaizen and T.Q.M - Essay Example Brief History and contribution of Dr Deming: After the Second World War, Dr. Deming who was the expert on statistical procedures and quality management started spreading his expertise in Japan and this gave rise as the foundation brick gave risk to a complete profession in the name of Total Quality Management. Japanese started implementing these principles in the industrial arena and found out its fruits in form of increased yield and customer satisfaction. Deming was assisted in his efforts by Juran and Ishikawa. T.Q.M is acronym for â€Å"Total Quality Management†, as the name implies it takes into account all the factors of organization that can have an impact on the life of organization, its working and its output. T.Q.M is a concept and at the same time a philosophy and hence has a very vast scope. Since, its rules and working mechanism are so flexible which enables this philosophy to be implemented in both the service industry and the manufacturing industry. It is based on the principles of Continuous Quality Improvement (C.Q.I) initiatives which makes improvement and quality maintenance as part of the organizational activities (Roy, 2007). This philosophy is termed as the bench mark towards achieving excellence in the corporate environment since it provides sufficient guidance for all the necessary aspects. T.Q.M can be split into three major parts, totality, quality, and management. Its scope covers all three important areas of an organization and management field. The term totality refers to the coverage scope for all the essential aspects of organization. The totality factor demands participation, commitment from every personnel who is part of the organization. Ranging from top management individuals to supervisors and shop floor workers, each is expected to provide input and contribute in any way possible. Apart from individuals, the totality factor is fully applicable to the teams and departments and divisions within the organizations. The totality factor addresses the human resource management department, marketing, finance, and all other important departments of the network that have can any positive or negative impact on the organization. The totality factor takes into account all the processes that are involved during the manufacturing stages as well the service delivery stage s (kawatra, 2000). Role of Inspectors: Prior to the implementation of T.Q.M, the inspectors were integral part of organizational framework. Their role was to monitor the performance of various departments and individuals associated. This consumed a lot of resources and department had to bear the burden of a special extra department in the name of inspection department. With the advent of Total Quality Management, the inspectors are no more needed, since the system is devised in such a manner which holds each department and individual responsible for their own role and performance. The large amount of resources and time that used to be consumed and wasted by inspection processes is controlled through the implementation of T.Q.M system. The second part of the acronym is â€Å"Q† which stands for quality. Quality is a subjective definition and can be defined in number of ways. However it can have a pretty simple definition which makes work easy both for the organization and the customers. Quality service or product can be defined as that particular service or product which is in accordance with the demand of customer and fulfils the conformance level. In past a small â€Å"q† was used in the field of marketing and organizations. This did not cover all the aspects of organizational structure. With small â€Å"q† in practice, the onus of productivity and responsibility was largely emphasized on

Assignment 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

5 - Assignment Example The term ‘love’ originated from English language in the 8th century and evolved to become what we know it today. From the old English, the word ‘lufu’ is related to ‘luve’ in Old Frisian, ‘luba’ in old Germany and ‘lubo’ in Gothic. In early systems of Scandinavian languages, there was ‘lof’, an equivalent of today’s ‘love’. Its present meanings were also contributed by the Indo-European ‘lubido’ connoting desire and ‘lubet’ which meant that something was attractive. As the word was changing from culture to culture, it acquired a different meaning considering the varying purposes for which people wanted to use it and the kind of emotions they wanted to express and as it came to Greek, the word ‘love’ acquired its meaning, as I define it and from the OED definition, from the Greek mythology in ancient Greek where words like ‘xenia’, †Å"philia,† â€Å"storge,† â€Å"eros,† and â€Å"agape.† Apparently, it is intoxicatingly fascinating to note that the meaning of words evolves from time to time and culture to culture as necessitated by cultures and customs. My definition of love as an intangible emotion that one experiences when they meet something or someone that makes them happy has been shaped by my American culture. Similarly, the word ‘love’ acquired various terms such as ‘lubido’, ‘lof’, ‘luba’ and ‘lubet’ in various languages as necessitated by what the people wanted to express and such meanings having been changing from time to time to a now relatively standard meaning of ‘love’. Hence, the meaning of words is shaped by time, cultures and customs coupled with the message that they are envisioned to